Although little promoted, it was never presented as one of the most ambitious plans faced by the FAME, the SAIA 90 were the final step to the development of the Pampas, and although that didn’t end up seeing the light, it was, without a doubt, the last great technological challenge in aeronautical matter of our country.
Recently, by the middle of the 2003, the senators Gerardo Moral R. and Lylia M. Arancio of Beller, of the comisón of National Defense of the High Camera, declared during an order of reports:
” …En the decade of the 80 the development of the project begins IA63 Pampas, as an intermediate step to build in the future the Argentinean hunt airplane for the year 2000…”
That future Argentinean hunt airplane was not another thing that the SAIA 90.
Faced then at the beginning of the decade of those ‘ 80, the FAA glimpsed the necessity to find an it hunts multirrol able to replace to its fleet of Mirage III/V/Finger.
The State bigger than the air force had been analyzed different options to obtain hunts, as being the one of acquiring units abroad, that which implied a high dependence level, added to the cool air memory of the restrictions to obtain hunts for this road, due to the conflict of Malvinas, this he/she leaned for the design, development and production of a national model with attendance of Dornier
Phases of the project
By the middle of 1980 the FMA and Dornier had a flowing relationship, product of the combined development of the IA.63 Pampas, both contemplated a cooperation agreement in the production of airplanes, this agreement called to both parts to establish an office in common in the city of Córdoba, in the term of one year, the production, marketing and associated support services.
The development of a trainer was the first step of three in the strategy of FMA, elaborated after the development of the IA.58 Pucará by the middle of those ‘ 60, the steps of this strategy contemplated: Nro.1, the Pampas, Nro.2, an airplane of light transport and Nro.3, a combat airplane, as the boss of projects declared of then of the air force Argentina, Commodore Arturo Herberto Oh to the Magazine ‘ Aviation Week & Space Tecnology’ (I Wither of 1987).
To such an effect the German maker gave some sketches of his design office (preliminary design), the one that contemplated generic aspects for a combat airplane that then the air force should adapt to its own requirements.
The study of the Germans foresaw some analyses that allowed to formulate those basic requirements as being: it combats air under imaginary, and characteristic operative conditions of the probable weapons that this he/she would behave. This way it could be defined the call of ‘ field of fight aérea’.
Acting in Combat
Taking like reference to the conflict in Vietnam, the combats were carried out to inferior bench marks to the 8000 mts in reason that most of the airplanes raiders that flew inside that level tried to neutralize the threat of SAM. Although in both decrees they had airplanes of Mach 2, the combats got rid to speeds of among Mach 0.5 and 0.9, overcoming few times the supersonic speed.
It is probable that to those regímenes they were achieved the best viraje speed and the pilots surely found in those ranges a high yield of their airplane.
These parameters were taken into account in the design of the airplane to achieve high values of Mach, for what achieves a more enlarged curve of the régime of sustained viraje (to see outline under), but the maximum values are conserved in the region transónica, in this aspect he/she also takes into account the load factors determined by the pilot that can define the régime of instantaneous viraje.
In this graph the maximum speeds of sustained turn of three types of different airplanes are compared, trainer, attack and air superiority (to notice the three models taken into account by FAME, IA-63, AMX and SAIA90), supposing that the airplanes fly to an altitude ISA of 3000 mts; they transport ammunition for the canyon and two AIM-9L; with internal deposits with 50% of fuel, the encircling of the project of Dornier-fame is observed it was considerably wider and he/she extends to the whole region transónica.
In the following graph the same comparison is made but at level of the sea, taking a factor of load of 9G and the same characteristics of the previous example. It is appreciated the angostamiento of the encircling ones clearly in the three cases; although that of the SAIA 90 continue being superior in almost all the aspects.
ACA (Airplane of Argentinean Combat)
According to this analysis the margins of design of the airplane should be: sustained turn speed of Mach 0.9 at 6000m of height; great capacity of acceleration among Mach 0.9 at 1.5 to 9000 m: high deceleration, independent of the relative speed; reasonable combat autonomy with integral deposits; and minimum radar silhouettes and to GO (Stealth) The conceived armament facilitated the enlistment of varied configurations and basically it included:
– Canyon Mauser 27mm with 150 cartridges.
– 2 AAM infrarojos (type AIM-9L)
– 4 AMRAAM semiempotrados under the fuselage.
– Up to 5 rhyme of armament air-earth
The aviónica
Radar of on board in way air-air of he/she should can to detect white of 5m2 at a distance of 90km without it can be detected by the enemy CME, and he/she should also have capacity to make the multiple pursuit of 6 targets that you/they could be identified with an associate IFF. For the way it attacks, air-earth, convenient era a radar able to capture the profile of the earth.
Configuration
Although it was desirable to achieve a combination of the advantages that he/she offers a very loaded wing delta and of little weight; the viraje capacity to régime transónico/subsónico of one darted with small lengthening, the stability of a wing delta without line plane and the character STOL of a wing of arrow variable, impossible era to gather all these qualities in a wing.
The opposing solution of commitment for the pattern, era the continuation of the border of attack of the wings that generated a vortex of high energy (apex) and it improved the aerodynamic yield notably in big angles of incidence. Another characteristic of the design was the artificial longitudinal stability that allowed equlibrar to the airplane by means of the application of positive forces on the line planes.
This way a direct wing was configured with big arrow angles in the attack borders and he/she escapes, continuations in the union wing-fuselage and a double derives located before the stabilizers that you/they keep certain likeness to the F/A-18C Hornet.
Motors: 2 turbofan of 5600kg of push (possibly GE F-404)
Dear maximum speed of Mach 2
I weigh (I empty): 7.800kg
The weight calculated for the airship was reasonably low, achieved by means of the use of compound materials. The experience of Dornier in these materials was wide (Alpha Jet and Do 228). In the proposal for this airplane suggested the use in the wing of 65% of plastics reinforced with fibers of carbon (PRFC), 20 aluminum% and the rest in several materials as the titanium, the front fuselage would have 60% of PRFC, the central 18% and the bottom 10%, being completed with other materials employees in the wing, and the horizontal empenaje would have 55% of PRFC, while the vertical one would take 70%, the same materials would be used for the admission nozzles and the landing train. (aeroespacio 1982/83)
Terms of the project
The FAME estimated in about 12 to 15 years until crystallizing it from the moment in the specifications they were approved that stops 1987 they had been high. In that lapse, the airplane would be available to raise to the fleet of existent hunts.
The first flight of the prototype was foreseen later for 1989 and the deliveries two years.
Looking for partners
By the middle of 1980 FAME, it already faced serious financial difficulties, with a deficit of U$S 50 annual millions and it was in the search of partners to face diverse business that you/they allowed him to survive giving 49% of their property.
It was evident that the factory could not face the project by itself and it maintained diverse contacts, such as Aermacchi-Aeritalia, McDonnell Douglas and Fairchild, with the intention of attracting a partner with the one who to share the project.
Although the intention of the air force was to add McDonnell Douglas, with the one who you/they maintained negotiations for a possible license of production of the TO-4M Skyhawk II together with another of seats eyectables for the trainer IA.63 Pampas, but the North Americans desisted of assuming the risk, since in hunt airplanes, its offer was covered.
Another possibility was explored then with Aeritalia-Aermacchi, but the financial problems that it crossed the country they made finally shipwreck to the project.
Conclusion
He/she to say it, but the benefits for the country, in technological matter that this challenge represented, as being the obtaining of machineries and technologies, and regarding structures and compound materials, such as the fibers of carbon and the titanium, they had served from industrial base to the project and FAME.
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January 6, 2006 at 4:42 am