It may be instructive to look at the Brooklyn Class and their record at damage in combat.

USS Nashville and USS St Louis were both hit by kamikazes, and survived.
USS Boise was hit by a large calibre shell, which didn’t expode, and survived.
USS Honolulu and USS St Louis both survived being torpedoed, the Honolulu also survived a second torpedoing later, this time by an aircraft-launched torpedo.
USS Savannah was hit by a Fritz-X, and was severely damaged, although saved by her crew to be rebuilt.

The Fritz-X was designed from the start to be used against armoured warships. It weighed almost 1400kg with its 320kg warhead. It achieved a supersonic speed of almost 1300km/h. It was designed to penetrate 130mm of armour. Seeing as it was airlaunched, I imagine it had a diving trajectory.

HMAS Hobart survived a Torpedo Hit (very small light cruiser).

And from memory the ship hit by the most kamakaze’s in the Pacific was HMAS Australia, as a County class cruiser, it hardly had a reputation for being the most armoured of cruisers, yet it survived.