Airfields, Airstrips, Roads, Rough Strips

As it seems and since the early Cold War days as aircraft became more dependable on longer and paved runaways, those also became more vulnerable to bombers and other aircraft carrying cruise missiles or anti-runaway bombs. We’ve seen in previous wars like GWI where USA and the Coalition basically defeated the Iraqi AF on the ground and destroyed most of their airfields and the aircraft on them.

What kind of tactics have all these countries developed to counter this problems? I know most depend on normal airfields with long runaways, some countries like Sweden depend on short and paved runaways scattered all over the place and with mobile maintenance trucks and weapons trucks carrying stuff around for the planes wherever they land. Other countries also seemed to have used roads and highways for this sort of thing like we’ve seen Serbia do it in 99 and now Taiwan is practicing it, even Poland used to do it and I believe they still do it.

So whats the best tactic against an enemy like USA?(and dont say nothing is cuz ur gona loose anyways) Would it be a good idea to build a very large airfield complex with many scattered long runaways(like away from each other so when one strip is hit others wont get damaged) and then heavily protect it with Air Defense and Anti-Missile SAMs and etc. Or would it be better to just build many shorter strips all over the country and use those, something like what Sweden does(but those may need to belong cuz not all fighters have STOL. The Sweden’s tactic would also prove much more troublesome for aircraft that really use long runaways.