We should probably look at mission specific takeoff weight fuel fraction as well to determine just how good fuel fraction is as a measure of range.
Indeed. What does an AMRAAM weigh? ~120kg?
In any case solely relying on one measure would be oversimplifying, and it’s not like we have this information for the J-20
I’ll wager on the J-20 having a larger fuel fraction. What isn’t used for other things will be used for fuel. Other things should be more or less equal compared to the competition – the exception being a possibly deeper weapons bay.
Interesting, so they are optmized differently.
So I keep saying!
The F-22 has a higher fuel fraction over the F-15, and we don’t even know what the j-20’s sfc and fuel fraction are.
Really?
The “empty” fraction for the F-22 is 0.29, whereas for the F-15 it is 0.32.
At MTOW that changes to 0.22 and 0.20 respectively.
For comparison, at MTOW, the MiG-31 has a fuel fraction of ~0.33.
If you don’t mind I would like to address an earlier point about the j-20 and body generated lift. I do not know if it is significant but the j-20 does have some body curvature. I noticed it in one of emile’s pictures.
It does, it has a little around the cockpit sides and drops down toward the wing trailing edge. However compare the upper surface camber to that on the T-50 and F-22.
One will operate very well at low angles of attack, the other two will perform significantly better at larger angles of attack…
I see eyeballing the aerodynamics and even internals of an aircraft and then deducing its role as rather misguided.
Do you know what finness ratio is?
If you wanna wait for some Chinese general to tell you what the width:length ratio is, fine. Meanwhile the rest of us will go ahead and examine the thing.
The fuselage is large. The fuselage is very large in comparison to the wings. That means plenty of space for sensors, weapons, avionics, engines, the pilot… and fuel.
The sensors will not be any larger than those on comparable aircraft, nor will the avionics. Pilots are roughly the same size.
Leaving volume for weapons and fuel.
Hmmm…..
Better to get information from official sources at best, and if that’s unavailable, then credible rumours.
:rolleyes:
Or how about listen to experienced professionals.
The problem is we’ve heard nothing coming from the chinese side about compromising manouverability for speed or range, if anything manouverability seems to have been listed as one of the most demanding aspects of the plane.
I don’t care if we’ve heard nothing.
In fact – I wouldn’t care if their top general came out and said exactly that.
You cannot get past the laws of physics, the same ones apply in the USA, Russian and China.
I don’t think J-20 is any kind of pure interceptor, due to the volume of interceptors, those were always larger than contemporary fighter, he expressed interceptor heavy class, I saw what did he mean.
The fuel fraction of the J-20, coupled with its large finesse ratio, means it is a design built for speed over maneuverability.
That does not mean it cannot maneuvre, but it does mean some sacrifices have been made to what the maneuverability could have been to benefit speed and range.
Hence why I see it as an interceptor/interdictor more than an aircraft bred for dogfighting.
The idea of the gas turbine is to have the largest Mass Flow possible, ie, to impart a large acceleration to the gas stream.
Tut tut tut. 😉 :p
One could very easily get the wrong idea reading that sentence… and it coming from a lecturer too! 😀
Erm…
A fundamental aim of combustor design is not to increase pressure within the combustor, but instead increase kinetic energy by allowing the flow to accelerate as it expands due to temperature increases.
Within a reciprocating engine, there is the pressure build up, this then leads to moving the cylinder and a resulting expansion of the gas.
As a turbine operates on the Brayton cycle, increasing pressure prior to combustion increases efficiency. Subsequent increases in pressure are both detrimental to this goal of increased pressure prior to combustion and to extracting energy via the turbine.
Doesn’t anyone here have satellite images?
They are very blurry.
Rough as badger’s ar$e estimate results in J-20 being 119% the length of the J-10 – or ~19.5 metres. But you could probably put an error of ±20% on that!
If J-20 was a striker we wouldn’t be seeing J-20’s configuration as it is now — i.e: no canards, and likely no all moving tails either.
Why not?
I want a rational argument, not a reference to some press release 8 years ago by some PLAAF general who consistently publicises the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.
Rant/post over. Hopefully I’ve convinced anyone who still thinks this aircraft is a dedicated striker or interceptor otherwise 🙂
If your going to convince someone like myself, your going to have to come up with a lot more than that.
I dunno. Why would the third largest country in the world by landmass want a long ranged interceptor… its just beyond me. :rolleyes:
At the risk of sounding like an “old f@rt” too many aircrews today are systems managers.
I wouldn’t even go that far.
Glorified administrators.
but to me the top lip of the Nacelle seems to be above the wing leading edge
That in itself doesn’t necessarily matter.
meaning point 2/3 are significantly compromised
No – meaning point 2/3 may be significantly compromised if appropriate steps are not taken to handle the potential problem.
Also as the cord line of the engine gets closer to the wing cord achiving zeroshock-induced BL separation becomes somewhere between very difficult and impossible.
Sorry – but what?
I assume you are talking about the reduced pylon length between wing and nacelle?
‘Back in the day’ it was assumed that the gap would have to be of the order of 1 nacelle diameter. That quickly reduced to 0.5 diameters.
Recent times, its under 0.1 without any significant problems. NASA have previously done work on much closer integration (late 90s if memory serves – check the ntrs). You need to consider lateral curvature of the pylon to control this, but its well understood and not a big deal for Airbus/Boeing.
A supercritical aerofoil pressure surface may, indeed usually will, have a weak shock on its lower surface, but this is usually 3/4 or later chord length. Due to the weak nature of this shockwave, there is no BL separation on the pressure surface of any well designed (i.e. any Boeing/Airbus) wing.
The nacelle bypass shroud has long since terminated by that point, and your into the flow downstream of the nozzle, which is underexpanded anyway with a very complex shock structure. But this is normally separate from the small transonic pocket on the wing pressure surface.
Just 18 months ago Boeing were talking about the 737 being at the end of it possible development due to problems around the integration of a larger fan engine.
It is the same PR bullsh!tters that tried to disparage the NEO now trying to maximise everything to do with the 737 re-engine. They are best treated without outright contempt, or, at least completely ignored.
I’m fairly certain the engineers would have completely backed a re-engine. They know fine well propfans are absolutely key to the next generation single aisle, and that any new frame built before that is on a hiding to nothing. But that doesn’t stop bullsh!tters like Albaugh coming out with complete p!sh – he’s a project manager – never designed a f**king aircraft part or system in his life.
Amiga – Please advise, for a cruise mach number, the percentage cord for an Engine Nacelle where flow transition occurs which leads to turbulent flow separation.
Turbulent flow separation?
Are you getting confused between boundary layer transition and separation. There is no separation on the nacelle, however there is transition.
Off the top of my head: On a conventional nacelle, in cruise, transition would be expected to occur before 5% chord length. The DLR did quite a bit of work on laminar nacelles in the early to mid 90s – with some patchy results, good BL flow over 50% chord length on some bits of the nacelle, and much less impressive on others.
Also please advise the CL max that can be expected for a supercritical aerofoil within a separated turbulent air flow.
Erm? (on the separated flow)
Assuming you mean turbulent boundary layer.
CL max is not important for cruise. L/D is.
Also, with the nacelle shroud lowering as it approaches the wing leading edge, the turbulent boundary layer – which remains attached* – this turbulent sheet passes below the wing.
Simplified: the main aspects of nacelle-pylon integration are:
*There is no shock-induced BL separation on any competently designed nacelle.
With regard to the aerodynamic comments, does it seem realistic to be making assessments based upon artist renderings? Shouldn’t one wait until they see something a little more definitive?
True. I just quickly want to quash the absurd notion that Boeing would actually design an aircraft where 10% of the wing is not working!
I looked at the Boeing website and did not see any cockpit renderings. I’m hoping that Boeing ditches the 1968 overhead panel that Southwest mandated for the NG, and also installs a modern EICAS/ECAM type system.
I think they are strongly insisting on keeping the cockpit common to eradicate any (or vastly reduce) retraining of glorified button pushers/pilots.
Boeing is a company that hires people to build airplanes, Airbus is a political consortium that builds airplanes so they can hire people.
Now, now, behave.
I guess Hawker-Siddeley, English Electric, Vickers-Armstrong, Bristol, De Havilland, Sud Aviation, Aerospatiale and Breguet (to name a few) had no history of building aeroplanes prior to their combining? :confused:
Using the same yardstick; would that mean that the combination of Lockheed, General Dynamics and Martin into Lockheed-Martin mean they are a political consortium that builds aeroplanes so they can hire people?
Or Northrop and Grumman?
Or McAir and Boeing?
Due to the smaller size of each European country relative to the US, the consolidation process of indigenous companies started much earlier – which maybe is what makes it harder for… ‘an outsider’ (for lack of a better term) to see the lineage. The combining of the respective companies into Airbus was largely driven by the private companies need to lump together to survive, not by the politicians.
[Oh, and for the avoidance of doubt – while I know there are some incredibly smart people at Airbus – I also know there are a large number of inept bstards there too – particularly within their procurement branch. There is a culture of ‘zero responsibility’ within the company as well as a culture of ‘managers’ and procurement zombies leading chief engineers, which may or may not be different at Boeing.]
Dear oh, oh dear what a mess the wing to engine aero integration is……about 10-15% of the span is now generating no lift, only drag (compare to the competitors where a clear separation of allows the wing to earn its keep).
You don’t need separation of the frontal projection of the nacelle/wing to guarantee lift.
As long as the nacelle recedes in diameter prior to the leading edge of the wing, and allows sufficient clearance around that point, then lift can still be generated virtually uninhibited.
As an example, Boeing have a similar pylon arrangement on the 787. They did not compromise the aerodynamic performance of that any more than is necessary.
B787
and: here (bit big)
B737
1. If your close enough to get a fix on the F-22 by it’s radar signals, then why don’t you have a AIM-120 inbound already?
Perhaps because your still outside the engagement envelope.
I keep saying it, you keep ignoring it. You folks are placing far too much faith in “L”PI.
I did not say constant or uninterrupted. You just need a few hits to get the target’s velocity/vector.
You did say:
“A break in any of the above”
But, I suppose that can be interpreted in a number of different ways.
Not even close. Think of it this way: if the F-22 is 200nm away or 20nm away makes a HUGE difference on how you will react.
Ah, I took it to mean altitude more than range. Usually the distributed nature of a modern ECM/RWR mean range comes pretty simultaneously with detection.