Dan: Obviously, the air-capable FF/DD was not adoption and probably for good reason. Still, that doesn’t mean it wasn’t conceived with the role I discribed in mind.
Take a close look: that’s a ski-jump up front at the end of a short runway ontop of the hull. So, the Harrier would not operate in VTOL but rather in STOVL mode.
Quite right, I hadn’t noticed that.
The hull in question has 2 Sky Hook installations, suggesting at least 2 Harriers on board, but probably a few more. If you have an escort group of 6-8 ships and 2-3 are of this type then you have 6-12 FRS1 type aircraft.
Sounds reasonable. Anything less than 10-12 aircraft total though will make it very very difficult to maintain a CAP of two aircraft. If you don’t have aircraft on CAP then the air capable ships should probably be on picket duty, interposed along the expected threat axis to allow for time to get the aircaft in the air and still intercept the Bears before they find the convoy. In that case you’ll still need ASW escorts with the merchies
Royal Navy on Sea Harrier FA2 Aircraft endurance: 1hr 30mins (on Combat Air Patrol (CAP) 100nm from Aircraft Carrier)
Sea Harrier FRS1: Max Speed 660 mph (1065 kph / Mach 0.98 ) at sea level, 600 mph (966 kph) at 36000 ft
Tu95RT Bear: Max Level Speed, at altitude: 575 mph (925 km/h) at 40010 ft (12205 m), Mach 0.87
Yep: difficult but not impossible.
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Note the Harrier is worse off at high altitude but thats likely where the Bear will be trying to maximise its detection range. Also those are max speeds for the Harrier and that will require full military power. FMP will burn fuel much quicker than cruise or the power settings for loitering on CAP. The Bear can quite likely maintain its max power settings for a lot longer than the Harrier can afford to. Now with an F-35B things might be different 🙂
Still even if the F-35B lives up to expectations I wouldn’t expect these mini-carriers with just a few aircraft to become reality. The main reason being logistics. Everyone of those ships will nedd to have the facilities, equipment and personell to maintain the aircraft and keep them in the fight. On a larger carrier you may have one or two sets of equipment to maintain 12-16 aircraft, having at least a full set to maintain 4 on the smaller vessels significantly increases the costs of getting the same number of aircraft into the fight. Now the operators might be happy enough to call this redundancy but I suspect Treasury is going to look at it and call it unnecessary duplication
Daniel
I think the idea of Sea Harrier + Skyhook on a frigate/destroyer sized hull was in the context of convoy escort duty: the Harriers were to shoo away Tu142 recon birds. By having those little Harrier ships, bigger Harrier carriers would be relieved from convoy duty and free to do a little more aggressive hunting work. I think there would be more than just 1 Harrier per small hull. Anyway, much like the WWII idea of mounting a Hurricane on a few merchant ships to shoo away the Focke Wulf Condors, which later developed into MAC ships.
Not sure about that. Might be okay against other opponents but against the old Soviets. As has been pointed out the Harrier in VTOL operation (which is what Skyhook operations amount to) is very range limited. The Big Bulge radar of maritme recon Bears (Tu-95RT not Tu-142) had against large targets (big merchantmen for instance) in excess of 150nm. So to prevent the Bear spotting the convoy the Harrier needs to intercept the Bear outside this range. This is going to be really pushing it for the Harrier. And thats just assuming the Harrier is in the air in time, knows exactly where the intercept point is and is not detected itself.
To get complicated consider that:
1) the Harrier has to know there is a Bear out there. Can’t get the info from the ships radars since that tells the Bear where the convoy is anyway. So you are probably relying on ESM since there is also unlikely any organic AEW aircraft with the group. Best you could hope for is an AEW helo. Which brings us to point 2
2) given the limited range of the Harrier (and any helo based AEW option) the detection of the these aircraft or thier emissions tells the Bear the ships are somewhere nearby.
3) the Bear is fastest propellor driven aircraft ever. A Harrier does not have much of a delta-V advantage in this scenario. Try running a Bear down with a Harrier. This is actually something I’ve tried a few times in the Harpoon series of Naval games. Not impossible with some careful planning and a bit of luck (an unimaginitive computer opponent helps 🙂 ) but not easy.
4) Bears often hunted in pairs or groups. In addition to its comparitivly high speed the Bear also has a massive range card to play against the Harrier. Throw in some cooperation with a partner or two and the convoy should be pretty exposed.
You could have you air capable FF/DDs running as pickets 100-200nm out along the expect threat axis. To the north I suppose in the WWIII/North Atlantic convoy situation. Just have to hope the Soviets aren’t running any Bears out of Africa to sneak a peek from another axis. Anyway if the US CVBGs further north with thier F-14s, E-2s and EA-6Bs can’t stop the Bears getting past then I’d hate to the betting on a few skyhook FF/DDs.
Daniel
Distiller….South Africa generates almost 30% of the GDP of the entire African continent.It has the 10th largest stock-exchange worldwide , and is the 20 richest nation worldwide if total GDP is considered.It is not a matter of “using them against their black bretheren”.South Africa is a racially diverse country with bizarrely enough , the Chinese section the fastest growing.It has poverty , it has aids , but it also has some of the most mature financial systems in the world and a very developed heavy industry sector….I think that South Africa , Brazil and China(?) formed a Non-aligned pact a little while back…..anyway , the point of the purchase of these aircraft is in line with the justifiable moaning of the USA that South Africa play a part in African peacekeepng more commesurate with it’s size…and to do this will require aircraft with larger capacity/range characteristics than the C-130 and CASA tpt’s.With the Iraqi occupation requirements and events like Mogadishu , this makes sense from a US political perspective….Just think the C-17 would be a little too large.
This is the same reason the RAAF has a requirement for such an aircraft. At the moment the ADF spends a lot of money chartering Il-76 and An-124 airlifters to support overseas deployments and disaster relief operations. The RAF has also found it leased C-17s as invaluable for the same taskings. As became quite clear after the December 26 Tsunami, its one thing to get people on the ground in a disater area but if you can’t support them then they just become another burden on a devestated infrastructure.
Daniel
Back in the 70s when the RAAF operate F-4Es for a couple of pending the arrival of our F-111Cs the F-4s were given the RAAF roundels but retained thier USAF serials.
Daniel
i think u got the concepts a little wrong. SM-2/ESSM utlises mid course guidance and requires illumination only in terminal phase hence the illuminators only need to provide illuminator only during final few secs of flight. This allows them to intercept multiple target utlizing time sharing, SPY-1 provides mid course guidance also mid course guidance data can be provided from AEWS/AWACS to the ship can also be used.
Um okay. I know I didn’t use the words mid-course guidance, terminal illumination or time sharing but isn’t that pretty much what I said 🙂 Anyway thanks for cleaning it up and clarifying things.
Daniel
Whats that ice-cream cone?
Just another mast/antennae. IIRC the ESM one seems to typically have a conical fitting on subs. The same sort of thing shows up on a lot of sub pics. Pics in some of my books here at home show similar fittings on Victor III, Delta IV, Sierra, Akula, Typhoon, Trafalgar, Salvatore Pelosi (smaller cone) etc.
Here is a pic of the masts of the Dutch Walrus class SSK Doffijn

A Typhoon

A Sierra
Anyway don’t quote me on the ESM thing but its definitely a mast head. It is not the nose cone of a missile just in case anyone was tempted.
Daniel
The MR-775 provides target data for 12 targets and Delhi class can engage 4 forward and 2 aft using six Front Dome illuminator radars.
http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Images/MR-90.jpgHow much does the MR-776 track and how many illuminators does 052B have ?
sinodefence.com confirms by statement and photos there are only four
directors on 052B, same as the much smaller indian Talwar class (though 052B carries 2x the missiles of Talwar).Type 052Bs directors are of a different type
Kongou also has 4 illuminators methinks just like the Burke.
Only three directors on Burkes (and Kongos) four on Ticos.
The SM-2 missile does not require continuous guidance allowing the directors to guide multiple missiles, belived to be about 4 per director so about 12 at a time. Perhaps more if the SPY-1 can guide.
Daniel
Gee! You’d think someone must have made a crack about your mother in here somewhere 🙂 Anyway I just reread the topic, funny how you miss things. I thought we were just chatting about Asian DDGs, but now I realise we’re competing for bragging rights in the top 3 🙂 In that case then I guess its
Right now
1) Kongo
2) Type 052C (assuming its does what it looks like it should and its close to being operational)
3) Hmm toughie. Three way Sovremmenny, Type 052B and Dehli. Roughly comparable Area AAW but 8 x supersonic SSMs v 16 subsonics. I’m going with Dehli since they also have (or soon will) Barak for point defence and Brahmos in the not to distant future.
In a year or two’s time the Kidds would edge into #3.
Even if the KDX-2 has SM2, the smaller missle count and the lack there of an aegis system limits the thing to point defence Ship with a longer AAW range.
KDX-2 with LACM??? the US have only sold the tomahawk to the Brits and have no intentions to sell it to anyone else. Do you mean a speculative nonexistant indeginous LACM?
Still a quite capable class. Re LACM I would agree that Tomahawk is unlikely but there are LACM option under development in Europe that would suffice. Wether the capability will ever be realised is a matter for the South Koreans the data simply says the space has been reserved.
Who said anything about Euro FFG/DDGs ??? Where did you get that from???
Simply a yardstick. By virtue of smaller numbers of SAMs the Euros are a step down from the Ticos and Burkes (and Kongos) but in sophistication are their equal (and even superior in some areas eg APARs). Apart from the Kongos and probably the Type 052C the next level of Asian vessels slot in below.
Kidd have two launch arms for SM2 missile hardly enough to cover for a saturation attack. It is overall a balanced plateform but still I wouldent rate it higher than the 052C.
Never said it was! The Mk26 is a twin arm launcher and with two of those missiles are in the air quite quickly. Quick enough to reach the limit of the ships ability to illuminate targets anway. However the Kidd design does have some advantages over the Type 052C, more missile capacity (64 v 48) and the ability to embark two helicopters instead of one (it is just a modified Spruance after all). I might have missed the whole top 3 thing 😮 but I’m pretty sure there was no mention of AAW being the primary mission of the DDG.
Daniel
KDX 2 is uncamparably smaller and less sofisticated at only 4000t max with SM1 but no aegis capability, no long range ASM,
KDX-2 has a 32 cell Mk-41 VLS for SM-2MR and VLASROC. As far as AAW capability goes it should be about equivalent to Dehli, Type 52B or Sovremenny but with fewer SAMs. Its also got 8 x Harpoon which is the same as fitted to Kongo and is range comparable to Sunburn and probably to whatever SSM is on 52C. Additionally the KDX-2 apparently has space reserved for LACM.
KDX3 isn’t even layed out yet. Taiwan is to recieve “ONE” Kidd only in “LATE” 2006 and the rest are due in 2008-2010. The Kidd have no VSL, yes to a C3I, good ASW capability but also no long range ASM since they are fitted with Harpoon with 120Km range.
Only the Delhi is in operations status but with out Phased array, VSL and maybe on par in performance with the Sovs considering it has many similar systems.
Type 052C is also unlikely to be considered operational yet. It is however alot further along that road than the KDX-3 to be sure 🙂 The Kidds are certainly no slouch at the AAW game they apart from the US/Japanese AEGIS vessels and the fmr Soviet CGs they have long been the best on the block. The new crop of Euro FFG/DDGs are more sophisticated and the Type 52C should have the edge if its as good as it looks. However the Kidds will still have the advantage of greater magazine space (24 + 44) although they may ship ASROC in addition to SM-2MR. The Kidds are probably also supperior to the Dehli, Sovremenny and Type 52B due to roughly comparable AAW capability plus more missiles.
Daniel
So.Which one you are going to replace it with?
Oh I don’t know Korean KDX-2/3, Taiwanese Kidds, Indias Dehli’s and follow-ons. Not that it should really be a a case of replacing, all should be considered. Unfortunately Indian is correct and too little is really known about the 052C, particularly its combat data system and wether that is really equivalent to AEGIS or if folks are just assuming that because the PARs look similar to the SPY-1s of the US vessels.
Daniel
Brute, Flanker thanks I guess some interesting developments are in the wind then.
Daniel
I met the NG guys. They have already done the study and they found it as a fit. They inform me that IN too has come to the same conclusion. I am in touch with the top two guys who are negotiating with IN.
So the visit by NG that should be occuring this according to the previuosly posted Hindu Times article will just be for the formal presentation of these findings? You’ve used other words elsewhere so I assume when you say “fit” you mean more than it just fits on the deck and hangar right? I mean they didn’t actually just say it fits did they?
Daniel
can some correctly id the two different LGBs on this Jag ?
Well I believe it should be Paveway II guidance system on the UK Mk13 100lb bomb.

and here at AeroIndia 2003 with LCA

and on Jag

and from F-16net forums
The Mirage 2000 were supplied with Thomson-CSF Laser Designator Pod, known as ‘ATLIS’ which was capable of delivery of Matra 1000 kg LGBs, which were purpose built for destruction of reinforced targets. These weapons were highly capable but were very expensive. It was decided to augment their capability by adding the 1000 lb bomb coupled with Paveway II laser-guided bomb kit. The IAF had ordered a number of these, but they had been supplied with an incorrect part. Because of the nuclear test performed by India, they were on the embargo list and were unable to get the correct parts sent as replacements. Consequently IAF technicians had to remanufacture this part in order to make the Paveway serviceable for use on the Mirage.
snip
On June 24th, the Enemy Battalion HQ on Tiger Hill top was hit by two Mirage 2000 employing the ‘PAVEWAY’ Laser Guided Bomb (LGB). This was the first operational use on an LGB by the IAF.
snip
Only 9 LGB’s were dropped during the whole war, 8 by the Mirage fleet and one by a Jaguar.
Daniel
You’re probably right. Still, if you take an E2C airframe (i.e. without all elint and AEW related equipment), couldn’t you put in refuelling gear and additional fuel tanks and end up around the normal E2C weight. Likewise as far as C2 is concerned: as a transport, it has to have some ability to carry payload so couldn’t this be used for refuelling gear, fuel tanks and fuel?
To be honest I haven’t done the maths, maybe tonight after work. However I look at it like this. On an E-2 or even a cargo carrying C-2 there is still a lot of unoccuppied volume in the aircraft. For a tanker tyou would be filling most of that volume with fuel so I would imagine you are looking at a sizeable weight increase. Sound reasonable?
Is your point not really that you doubt that the normal E2C AEW plane could operate from Vikramadity?
Well I certainly beleive its yet to be proven. NG has not performed the compatibility assesment. I must admit though for it to have the stage where the operator (IN) is contracting a study then it must look on paper at least to be doable. More power to the In if they can get E-2s on their CVs, its certainly a very capable aircraft. Not sure its really necessary though.
Daniel