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adriann

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  • in reply to: To MiG-21 Operators…… #2402638
    adriann
    Participant

    Thanks

    TE flaps serve to increase lift at, usually lower to medium angles of attack (needed for TO/Land) at expense of high drag (important in combat). They increase pitch down moment, reduces max trimmed alpha and induces premature separation at hi alpha.
    MiG, when flown with full aft stick, has tremendous lift and trimmed alpha and looses airspeed in seconds, faster than any other plane. TE flaps reaction time cannot cope dynamics of that aircraft’s motion. Eventual minute asymmetry of their extension causes uncommanded rolling. Limit speed is 500 km/h. Some analyst tried to explain MiG high instantaneous turns with flap extension, but that was wrong guess.
    Air in BLC system is steaming, taken from compressor, but steel pipes are used to strain. LE&TE flaps certainly helped much F-104 because a/c is limited to ~ 16 deg alpha and wing has razor sharp LE, inducing flow separation at low alpha w/o LE flaps.

    Martinez, Eastern pilot manuals are by definition rough with purpose to give pilot general idea of a/c ability. Usually, weight is not clearly defined. Also in that F-13 book, you can see that somebody did not divide numbers correctly (1000 km/h at 5 km and circle for 36 sec is 5g, not 5.5.) I saw a lot of other discrepancies (climb of 41 m/s at 18000m, Bis has 3 m/s at 17000), not to mention turn radiuses..
    I have heard that Serbian book is based on Technical manual graphs with dot by dot conversion to unified F-4 format. (Maybe Serbs are not that stupid, remember they downed 117).
    Trying to find logic in rough undefined diagrams you mentioned, is fatuous business. Of course, STR F-13 graph is from pilot’s manual. I can send you whole page.

    in reply to: To MiG-21 Operators…… #2403133
    adriann
    Participant

    I do not guess air-speed by video for obvious reasons, when the “settings” during rolling and turning were much more intresting by that display team pilots.

    I was present during Ro display, pilot said speed had been 250 km/h. Less than allowed, but far above minimum possible (quoted in manuals).

    in reply to: To MiG-21 Operators…… #2403596
    adriann
    Participant

    Did you find any data for the low-speed maneuverability of the MiG-21bis(or SM,SMT) if the flap is in the 0-25 degree ‘air combat position’ ?”

    Plain trailing edge flaps, I reckon, is not combat configuration as isn’t in F-15.

    These diagrams are both from official manuals. But I doubt this MF graph (non-soviet) since 4.5 g at 5 km altitude with 8000 kg weight is too optimistic. There are bunch of too optimistic F-13 data and graphs. I think they are product of roughness and incompetence. Like that 5.5g at 5 km altitude, ceiling above 20 km, Cdo of 0.012…Some data&sources do not deserve wasting time. Also, I do not remember but manufactured used different limit G philosophy for F and newer models, so direct comparison is more difficult.

    And what is the max angle off attack aircraft was flown, I mean true, not that local (28-33 units) ?? What was the min speed on airshows ??

    in reply to: To MiG-21 Operators…… #2404104
    adriann
    Participant

    e accounts for non-eliptical lift distribution along span, on x-axis is semi-span, from 0,0 (root) to 1,0 (tip) and on y-suction

    I think that F-4’s e in cruise is 0.75 and 21’s is 0.7

    http://cgi.ebay.com/Fighter-Performance-Practice-Phantom-versus-MIG-21-/290431956256?cmd=ViewItem&pt=US_Texbook_Education&hash=item439f17f520

    in reply to: To MiG-21 Operators…… #2409171
    adriann
    Participant

    Thanks for your time Ak!
    Hp is short for Height pressure (altitude).

    Schorsch, your k is ( Pi * aspect ratio * e ), from that you can derive e.
    Guys on Thread, best wishes !

    in reply to: To MiG-21 Operators…… #2409704
    adriann
    Participant

    It is pleasure reading notes of AK, some others will burn with their enthusiasm, anyway we should stick to facts.

    Here is MiG-21F-13 sustained turn ‘g’ as a function of IAS and altitude 0.2/3/(5) km w/w.o. afterburner A1 and MiG-21BIS sustained turn radius (meters) vs Mach at 1/2/3 km altitude with 1/2 fuel and AAMs. Bis is heavier tonne more, but thrust is 6.85/7.1 vs 5.75 tonne of F-13 which results in ~10% better climb/accel/sustained turns bellow 4 km altitude. Span efficiency factor of MiG-21 is 0.7 and decreasing at higher alpha (decreasing less than that of wing with less sweep).
    Some converting IAS to Mach, meters to ‘g’ is needed but why bothering yourself as I assume all that is done in cited book:

    http://http://cgi.ebay.com/Fighter-Performance-in-Practice-Phantom-versus-MIG-21_W0QQitemZ290420475752QQcategoryZ2228QQcmdZViewItemQQ_trksidZp4340.m263QQ_trkparmsZalgo%3DDLSL%252BSIC%26its%3DI%252BC%26itu%3DUCI%252BIA%252BUA%252BFICS%252BUFI%252BDDSIC%26otn%3D20%26po%3D%26ps%3D63%26clkid%3D9015911580207100985

    in reply to: To MiG-21 Operators…… #2418929
    adriann
    Participant

    Here is a graph depicting roll rate per degree (in fact in grads [grad=0.9 degrees]) of aileron deflection in radian/second (radian ~ 57.3 degrees) as a function of Mach and altitude (Kilometers)

    in reply to: To MiG-21 Operators…… #2422764
    adriann
    Participant

    It is simple..Soviets were very conservative in their manuals. Because of inertia coupling problems of all supersonic configurations i.e. weight distribution mostly in fuselage, rolling causes uncommanded pitch and yaw depending on inertial characteristics and aerodynamic damping. That uncommanded motion can cross a/c alpha and beta limits if it is not constrained. That’s why modern fighters have limits in roll duration or g at roll, higher lateral stick forces above some IAS …. OKB MiG concluded conservatively to recomended that roll rate to prevent any possible dengerous case.

    in reply to: To MiG-21 Operators…… #2424022
    adriann
    Participant

    How about your data about that, like initial climb-rate f.e.
    The deeper sense of your claim about the Israeli sources and their judgement of the MiG-19/J-6 is still missing.
    From the 70s the Egyptians used theirs for the training role only or as high altitude interceptors in a secondary role.

    19’s climb rate, some official long time ago, that thinks a/c has fixed climb rate, gave that figure 115 m/s (at altitude) and people are dragging that. One could check for himself, aircraft has tremendous T/W and fine L/D ratio. Induced drag, relevant in turns, is indicated by weight^.5 / span. Check 21’s and 19’s span for similar weight, not to mention T/W. Of course, dynamic thrust is relevant. Also, difference in allowed wing Cl is 30%. It is almost bare aircraft with limited equipment carrying capacity and tricky departure characteristics.

    Also, if one want to get declared F-5E’s climb, he is in trouble. There is no science that can make something from nothing, nor even Israelis can do that.

    in reply to: To MiG-21 Operators…… #2424541
    adriann
    Participant

    yeah, but I haven’t helped much…graph is purposely rough and e vary with M and alpha

    in reply to: To MiG-21 Operators…… #2424734
    adriann
    Participant

    Could anybody with the book provide me the zero lift drag coefficient of the Mig21 F-13?

    Here is official but rather rough graph .. I do not have at hand more accurate diagram. I would say that in fact bis has Cdo about 50 % more at Mach 0.9, you can calculate for yourself L/D~8, e~0.7;

    Some data about the radarless MiG-19S from OKB MiG.
    empty 5172 kg
    internal fuel ~1700 kg
    TOW 7560 kg MTOW 8832 kg
    wing loading 302.4-353.3 kg/m²
    max operating limit Mach number 1.44
    at s.l. Mach 0.96
    max dry 51 kN
    max wet 64,7 kN
    climb-rate 115 m/sec
    To reach some useful endurance 2 ETs of each ~600 kg fuel had to be carried.
    service ceiling 17,500 m or 57,400 ft

    The instant. turn-rate of the MiG-21s is higher than the MiG-19, when the sust. it is the other way around. Something confirmed by the Israeli pilots, which did not rate the MiG-19 high in agility.

    Here is typical example how people that work say structural project, do not understand flight machanic, even if they are head of stuff.
    Another matter is that western author usually writtes what he likes from OKB inputs.
    Also, MiG-19’s speed at S.L. is written in km/h where wing stiffness is problematic. Climb is not at S.L. and useful endurance is far better than that of european fighters.
    Israeli sources has one thing in mind, to serve its purpose.

    in reply to: To MiG-21 Operators…… #2425250
    adriann
    Participant

    Just the Pakistani did claim, that the J-6 was a potent dogfighter, because it was the best available they got from the Chinese. The same Pakistani did change their J-6 for J-7, when it came available. 😉

    I think, at that time..nobody was aware of 19’s abilities (it’s turn performances are better than say F-5E or anything pre F-15 era…. it climbs at 10kft as F-5E at S.L.) It was replaced with J-7 because it’s service life was out and systems reliability was not best.

    Manual for the rookies….Viet, Iraqi, Lybian, WP etc… – do not kill them in the first years on the type 😉

    Did you see mid-70s Soviet AF combat manual for the MiG-21 ever ?
    Or the nice album for “exercise 500-series” with fine drawings of the manoeuvres, speeds etc. ?
    “Combat-advices” in the manual vs. all main Western fighter types in the 70s ?
    Low-speed combat amendments for the MiG-21SM,SMT when they were rearmed with R-60 ?;)

    Of course that I saw them, but I havent seen them in practice. You can train one or few persons to get full capability from aircraft and loose some aircraft and pilots in proces, but to get it into squadron service is another story. Key word is right measure, not to play absolutely safe while using most of the aircraft.
    Remember that known Col. Boyd did cobra type maneuvre in F-100 half a century ago, but he was judged for loosing several aircraft… The F-14 flew to 77 deg alpha during testing, but left service with combat limit of 15 deg.

    in reply to: To MiG-21 Operators…… #2426221
    adriann
    Participant

    Oh, those Russians…I thought that they should not be believed ??
    They had problem that one bunch of people desing plane, others konstruct it and third works out how to use it ..
    Thay have never realised how potent dogfighter was MiG-19 too …
    And F-5…beautiful and smartly designed plane, but I wonder how it can achieve specified performances (say climb..) I think manufacturer never gave it’s wing span (or aspect ratio)…

    in reply to: To MiG-21 Operators…… #2426259
    adriann
    Participant

    we should not exaggerate…’hook’ and ‘bell’ ie.’tailslide’ as far as I know perform only Su-27/MiG-29 derivatives…

    mig-21 manual says that speed should not let to fall bellow 400 km/h, but aircraft is able to kick F-15’s ass at slower speeds

    in reply to: To MiG-21 Operators…… #2426729
    adriann
    Participant

    these are not combat maneuvers, at least for today’s air combat….

    but 21 is longitudinaly controllable to very high alpha, as oposed to some most modern a/c that experiences deep stall, uncontrollable pitch up…or other a/c or deltas that couldn’t be trimmed to high alpha…

Viewing 15 posts - 61 through 75 (of 94 total)