Yes, I know. But, since the displayed image has to come through the transparent mirror, can the mirror adjust the size of the ‘ghost’ image, as well as the distance and angle of the ‘ghost’ image from the pilot?
About the only ‘adjustment’ that can be made is the brightness of the projected data and symbology (and of course what is/is not displayed based upon the mode selected by the pilot)
Total internal reflection. Its not a mirror per se its a glass that allows the image to reflect and yet allows one to see through. Thats what allows the view to either focus on the image being projected or ‘look through’ to whats ahead of them.
Slight comment here…. the HUD presentation is focused at infinity so that the pilot’s ‘focus’ does not have to change. The ‘outside world’ and the data are all at the same focal range. The key, as you say, is that the displayed data has minimal to no adverse impact on seeing the ground, target, etc etc at the same time.
One drawback to HUDs are there ‘relatively’ small field of view (FOV). They are typcially more accurate than helmet mounted displays, but compared to HMDs they offer a very small display ‘area’.
Mark
The ‘image’ is projected up from underneath the HUD and (to a degree) ‘reflects’ off the glass so the pilot can see it. No real mirrors involved.
You need to take into account the aircraft’s angle of attack when assessing the pilot’s ‘view’. Would kind of defeat the purpose if the pilot had to look down all the time…
Mark
Attached is not the best of illustrations, but you can see the optics (the circular bit) that ‘project’ the image.
Usually there are both…. batteries and generators
Typically mounted just below the engine (connected by a power-take-off shaft) is where the main generator and hydraulic power bits-n-pieces are located. There are also backup electrical generators which can be powered by all sorts of methods (ram air turbine, hydrazine, etc etc)
All sorts of batteries as well…. mostly to handle ‘transient’ power needs, pre-start functions or emergency (last ditch) purposes.
Mark
How does it compare in size to an F-15?
Some quick numbers….
F-22/F-15 (in meters)
Length: 18.9/19.43
Wing Span: 13.56/13.05
Height: 5.08/5.65
So to answer your question…. they’re pretty close
Mark
is that mr belenko in USAF flying gear and an adversary aircraft????
coanda
Looks like Miramar Navy Fighter Weapons School (aka Top Gun) to me. Note the Ferris paint scheme on the F-5.
Suspect not very recent…
Mark
But the thing that takes the cake for the MiG-21 in a dogfight is that it is a better “noser” of the two. With only elevons and the wings centered near the center of the aircraft, the Mirage is not going to pitch its nose as fast or as a far as the MiG-21 could. The slower pitching characteristics of deltas is why canards are used for later delta designs, including the Mirage III take offs like the Kfir and the Cheetah.
The MiG-21 in comparison got large completely movable elevators which can pitch the aircraft with much greater authority than the elevons on the Mirage III. ….The Fishbed can go into a tighter turn and “nose” its way and point at the MIrage III. The Mirage III pilot is going to fly fast and wide like a bat, and it cannot afford to lose speed as it will be harder to regain it. It cannot afford to get into a turn fight with the MiG.
Concur….
wrt Arab-Israeli results…. chalk ‘most’ of that to pilot training/experience
The HOTAS in F-15/16/18 along with HUD makes ALL the difference. Throw in decent auto-acquisition mode(s) for radar and the WVR dogfight ‘switchology’ really changes!!!
Mark
This may be the first time I’ve used Google to answer a question from google…
Mark
ps Best I could find was picture with 14…. Saw references to more (including carriage of 40mm), but alas no pictures
Kind of interesting to see all the missile bay doors open… The center bay is VERY large from this perspective.
Wonder how many birds are at Tyndall now??
Mark
For the true air speed they are traveling at, the turn radius is quite large for a given bank angle. So from that VERY limited sense they are not very maneuverable. Thing is these high-speed fliers can be out-turned, but not caught.
Now, what the maximum sustained g-level is at ‘typical’ operating altitudes/speeds…. Beats me. Could be quite low if they are operating at/near maximum altitudes (with little-to-no excess power [Ps]), but that is conjecture on my part.
One needs to also account for the aircraft structural g-limits for various configurations.
Mark
Thanks…. Hadn’t seen some of those before. Wonder how Victor’s doing now-a-days? Suspect he is still careful about maintaining a relatively low profile…
Mark
It wasn’t a movie…. but there was a series on British TV in the early 80’s??? that covered a pilot training class as it progressed through the year (kind of like the veterinary series, except using aspiring fighter pilots trying to learn to land vice a vet-to-be with their arm up a cow’s…. well you-know-what)
Long time ago… but it seemed pretty good in that it included some ‘not-so-great’ moments such as trainee’s being given the boot.
Mark
Can’t speak to the Tornado, but USAF fighters don’t (that I’m aware of…).
As you say, the ‘locator beacons’ are used for assisting in finding personnel vice the aircraft (usually a smoking hole in the case of fighters; but there have been exceptions… the famous F-106 self-landing comes to mind)
Cheers
Mark
From…
http://www.albany.edu/~fordham/nfmids.pdf
“1966 Dispute involving the Soviet Union, July 15. Data on the level of force used are missing.
The U.S. claimed a Soviet helicopter forced down a U.S. helicopter in West German territory and threatened the crew with their machine guns. West German border police forced the Soviet helicopter to leave. Protests were lodged, but there was no U.S. use of force (NYT 7/16/66). “
And here’s more…
http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/documents/BorderOps/ch5.htm
“On 14 July 1966 a Soviet “Hound” helicopter shadowed a 14th ACR CH-34 helicopter conducting a routine patrol along the border, crossed the border and buzzed the US helicopter several times, and finally forced it to land. It hovered above the US helicopter for approximately 15 minutes in an attack position until it was finally driven away when a Zoll border patrol shot flares at it. Subsequent investigation revealed-that the US pilots, who were flying an unarmed helicopter, had been following standard operating procedures — and good sense — when they departed the border and, when followed by the Soviet helicopter, allowed themselves to be forced down. To compound matters, a communications problem had precluded timely assistance by US fighters or other parties. As a consequence of this incident, communications between the armored cavalry regiments and the Flight Coordination Centers were upgraded and, more significantly, a radical change was made in USAREUR border operations procedures.”
Since this is an ‘official’ site and probably used “for public consumption” reports on the incident, I like their use of adverbs/adjectives…
“…allowed themselves to be forced down”
….communications “problem”
and the subsequent “radical change”
Makes one wonder what really happened and whose posterior got ‘booted’??
You owe me a ‘virtual beer’…:)
Mark
Hard to say….
But you got me to take a quick look see and found following reading (get your favorite beverage and enjoy). Kind of dated cy2000…
http://www.hec.afrl.af.mil/publications/ASC_00_2307.pdf
Mark
Red Flag the “Ultimate” Game comes to mind….
esp the bit about the newly discovered ‘maneuver’ sure to bring any potential adversary to their knees.
At least is was filmed at Nellis to lend some credibility 🙂
Mark