Re the Su-33 use of UPAZ – there is a whole paragraph in Andrei Fomin’s book on the Su-33 titled ‘Toplivnaya Sistyema’ – fuel system.

It mentions the UPAZ pod – but my Russian isn’t good enough to read it properly.

If I scan it – can someone translate ??

Ken

Sure, post it.

The hangar dimensions are 153x26x7.2
It can contain up to 70% of the air group (designed to be 36 Flankers and 14 Helix).

From the cruiser “Admiral Gorshkov” dismantled basic mechanisms and weapon systems

Specialists FGUP “ON” Sevmashpredpriyatiye “(SMP, Severodvinsk, the Arkhangyelsk province) together with the seamen of the brigade of the constructed and overhauled surface ships of White Sea naval base completed the dismantling of basic mechanisms and old weapon systems on the former aircraft-carrying cruiser” Admiral Gorshkov “, sold to Indian NAVY. “including are taken from the regular places and are sent for the restoration aggregates, engines and turbine plant of aircraft carrier. From the upper deck and the part of the superstructures dismantled previous armament, occur the works on the takeoff and landing strip of ship “, reported the leader of press- service SMP Mikhail starozhilov. According to him, in autumn it is intended to introduce cruiser into the feeding shop SMP, where, among other things, one must carry out works in those regions of the housings, which are located below water line. “their volume is great – practically more than 10 years ship did not pass even preventive dock examination, to say nothing of repair. On the cruiser the complex system of outboard equipment, the volumetric and nonstandard set of screw- steering group. All this is in prospect capital to repair “, it said M.Starozhilov. According to M.Starozhilova, after the motion of repair and modernization of cruiser is established dual control – from the side of the Defense Ministry of Russia and Navy of India. From the side of Russia this 1059- e the military representation of the Ministry of Defense, which check quality and accomplish an inspection of the defense production during the building, the tests and the repair of the basic orders, number of which includes “Admiral Gorshkov”. From the Indian side chief controller assigned captain OF THE I rank NAVY of India Sukkhdzhinder Singh, the leader of the group, which inspects repair and re-equipment of cruiser. Interfaks, 03.05.05 g.

I have no reason to doubt what the chief designer of the ship says. It will be very much in style for that time in SU. And I believe that Gorshkov told the designers “make her 10000t bigger than Baku” and so they did. In mid-90s the 67000t displacement of preliminary design was entered in Pavlov’s reference book on Russian Navy which was first of that kind and some Russian and Western sites still use that data, some of them use the corrected displacement of “over 55000t”.

http://worldweapon.ru/flot/1143.php
http://ship.bsu.by/main.asp?id=100011
http://vs.milrf.ru/armament/marine/kr_kuznetchov.htm
http://informacia.ru/russia/cruiser.htm
http://www.navycollection.narod.ru/ships/Russia/Carriers/TAKR_Proect_11435/ttx.html

Sorry for the long text and Babelfish doesn’t understand tables but You can see it in Russian link:

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In English:
HEAVY AIRCRAFT-CARRYING CRUISER OF PROJECT 11435 THE “ADMIRAL OF THE FLEET OF THE SOVIET UNION KUZNETSOV” A. b. morin (Neva PKB) © at the end of 1990 into the composition of our VMF entered the head ship of the fundamentally new for the domestic fleet and the shipbuilding of the type – heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser (TAKR) the “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov” (the rest 11435), whose basic armament composed the ship fighters of short takeoff and landing (STOL AIRCRAFT) of the type Su-27K and the antiship cruise missiles of the complex of impact rocket weapon (URO)”granite”. To this major event as a result of a number of the reasons, more subjective than objective, it was necessary to go many decades. Its first pre-sketching design of aircraft carrier (AV so on. 72) Neva TSKB (then TSKB-Y”) carried out on the operational-tactical task (OTZ) TO VMF as early as 1943-1944 by development so on. 72 led the chief engineer of bureau v. V. ashik. As the first carrier-based fighter VMF OF THE USSR, intended for the basing on this AV, it was planned to use the sea modification Yak-9K – the widely known series destroyer of land basing Yak-9, creation by which was included in the draft of the plan of experimental aircraft construction in 1944, but then, in connection with the overload OF OKB A. S. Yakovlev by front orders, this work from it they removed. At the same time OKB Of a. n. tupolev developed technical proposals on the ship torpedo bomber PT-M”y, but further the matter did not go. In the first postwar plan of military shipbuilding, of affirmed by government during November 1945, aircraft carriers it did not prove to be. By central board NAVY N. g. Kuznetsov it attained only the start AV in the plan of the design of ships and it was ship. During May 1953 N. g. Kuznetsov affirmed OTZ to the creation of the light aircraft carrier (AULUS), intended for the air defense (PVO – AIR DEFENSE) of ship connections on the sea passage, also, in combat (the rest 85). By the draft of the plan of military shipbuilding during the years 1956-1965, by represented N. g. Kuznetsov into the government, was provided for building a series of five ships so on. 85 with the delivery of head in 1960 for the preparation for proposals on the tactical-technical task (TTZ) for the design BY AULUS ministerstv heavy and transport machine building (into composition of which in 1953-1954 it entered and By minsudprom) were drawn BY TSKB-Y”. According to the results of the study OTZ, executed under the management v. V. ashik, bureau presented in 1953 into the ministry conclusion on this task with its proposals. However, the initiated in 1955 design AULUS was charged TO TSKB-Y’ (remained with the curtailment of the building of the heavy cruisers so on. 82 without the load), where it headed chief designer K. i.Troshkov. With the displacement during December 1955 Of n. g. Kuznetsov from the post Of glavkoma, development draft so on. 85 ended, since it not was included into the affirmed plan of military shipbuilding during the years 1956-1960. TSKB-Y’ charged to develop instead of AULUS the design of rocket antiaircraft ship (the rest 81), but in the summer of 1957 and its further design recognized as inadvisable. In the following program of the military shipbuilding on 1958-1965, prepared with the participation of new Glavkoma Of s. g. Gorshkov, was undertaken the sequential attempt to provide the protection of ships VMF from the air weapon systems of enemy in the ocean without the creation AV, only with rocket weapon. In connection with the change by that time of specialization TSKB-Y’, the design of new rocket antiaircraft ship (the rest 1126) charged TSKB-Y”, which it led in. V. ashik to the withdrawal in 1960 to the scientifically- teaching work in LKI. Draft so on. 1126 it was affirmed, but in 1961 further work along this ship ended for the purpose of the concentration of forces and resources on the creation of more promising multipurpose rocket ships. In 1959-1960 simultaneously with the design of antiaircraft ship on the commission of State Committee for shipbuilding (up to 1958 By minsudprom), TSKB-Y”carried out (under the management of the author of present article, at that time – the chief of the design division of bureau) the design study of the” floating base of fighter aircraft (PBIA)”, since the application of a term AV then strictly was forbidden. This work was conducted by way of the search for the optimum methods of solution of that aggravating with the output of our fleet into the ocean of the problem of an increase in the combat stability of ship connections in the remote regions (out of the zones of the combat employment of fighter aircraft coast basing). On the study PBIA, in the correspondence with the official position Of s. g. Gorshkov, the main administration of ship building (HOOKE) VMF presented the “foresighted” conclusion, in which it was noted that “ship fighter aircraft (IA) is not the perspective air defense weapon of the ship connections of surface ships. Therefore the expenditure of large supplies for the creation of ships – carriers IA cannot be justified “. From The blessings N. S. Khrushchev to the continued growth (together with the ballistic missle submarines) of the carrier-based forces U.S. NAVY, whose PVO – AIR DEFENSE was reliably ensured BY IA, in THE USSR was contradicted only wide and noisy propagandistic campaign. Aircraft carriers (including in the appearances, and the publications Of s. g. Gorshkov) were stamped as the weapon of aggression, were excessively and unjustifiably fanned only their high cost and imaginary vulnerability to the rocket weapon, including ballistic (?!) missiles. The being appeared in the foreign media information about the emergencies on AV tendentiously was represented as confirmation of their low vitality. The desired guarantee of effective impacts of submarines and missile carrying aircraft on AV from the composition of compound revealed for the reality. Simultaneously the enemies of creation domestic AV advanced the argument that the economic possibilities of the country, the state of development of science and technology in the shipbuilding and the aircraft construction cannot ensure the creation of such complex ships and, especially, aircraft for them. However, this argument, which had the support of the political management of the country that time, was devised and it were not confirmed by reality. The economy of the country, its financial and other resources, and also achievements of domestic science and technology provided then solution not less complex problems, acknowledged priority, mastery of space on the basis of rocket engineering, development of nuclear power engineering and the same aviation technology of ground-based basing. Three years after displacement N. S. Khrushchev (1964 g.) and arrival at the management Of l. i. Brezhnev’s country by Minister of Defense it was assigned A. A. Grechko. Since then S. g. Gorshkov began to display initiative in the formation of the proposed already By n. g. Kuznetsov oceanic fleet, balanced according to the kinds of forces and the classes of ships, the need for what was confirmed by the experience of the combat service of ships VMF in the ocean. Moreover it secured by the support of minister A. A. Grechko, with whom him connected joint participation in the defense of Novorossisk (1942- 1943), and had steadfast adherent in face of the minister of ship-building industry B. ye. butomy (By minsudprom they restored in 1965). The idea of the creation of the balanced fleet was assumed as the basis of the development of the draft of the sequential plan of military shipbuilding (1971- 1980) initiated in 1968. It was ensured by the fulfillment of a number of complex NIR by the forces of Naval Academy (VMA), institutes VMF, VVS and industry, with the participation TSKB Of minsudproma, and subsequently also OKB Of minaviaproma. Partly conducted in this direction of the works of steel carried out simultaneously with designing PKR with THE VTOL AIRCRAFT (the rest 1143) the work Neva PKB (as it began to be called since 1966 TSKB-Y”) on substantiation and selection of the optimum ways of creating the promising aircraft-carrying ships with the aircraft of the usual aerodynamic configuration (catapult takeoff and landing on the arresting gear), which do not be inferior on its combat capabilities to the carrier-based aircraft of potential enemy. The deputy chief designer of project 1153, the leader of the development of technical proposal about the creation TAKR of the project 11435 O.P. Of efimov such aircraft substantially exceeded VTOL AIRCRAFT on their technical flight characteristics (LTKH) and combat effectiveness. Those carry ouied with the preparation of new plan complex NIR again convincingly proved the need of creating carrier-based type ships for the domestic fleet. However, the solutions, which were being received in the 70’s as the political and military management of the country on trends in development of the aircraft-carrying ships, were inconsistent and contradictory. The allowed By d. f. Ustinov (as by the secretary of the CC CPSU, and then – by Minister of Defense) overestimation of role and effectiveness OF VTOL AIRCRAFT the air defense system of ship connection and region of the combat patrolling of ballistic missle submarines, and also possibility of domestic aircraft industry to create the carrier-based fighter of vertical takeoff and landing, capable of successfully solving the above-indicated problems, they considerably detained design and building of the so necessary for VMF valuable aircraft-carrying ships with the catapult takeoff of the aircraft, which do not be inferior on their LTKH to the best foreign means of carrier-based aviation. The initial base of drawing and designing works for the creation of the large aircraft-carrying ships of our fleet were the executed Neva PKB (NPKB) in 1968-1970, with the development of the draft of the plan of military shipbuilding during the years 1971-1980, studies of carrier-based type ships, and subsequently – development for TTZ, given out VMF in 1971-1972, preliminary design AV (the rest 1160), in 1973-1977 of technical proposal, the draft and technical designs of “large cruiser with the air armament” (the rest 1153). Drawing and designing work on them was not completed by building ships; however, were included the determination of basic co-executors and contractors, preparation, agreement and delivery by them tasks, which contributed to the formation of the complex system of stable contractor communications and in the course of time accelerated design and building of head ship so on. 11435, and also the creation of carrier-based aviation and others it is specific armament for it. The development of preliminary design 1160, in contrast to carried out TSKB-Y”in 1943-1960 drawing and designing works on AV, rested on the solid scientific foundation in the form complex interbranch NIR” warrant “(operational-tactical and military-economic substantiation AV so on. 1160), to the fulfillment by which (in 1969-1972 yr.) were drawn BY VMA, the leading institutes VMF, VVS and industries, and also NPKB and OKB Of minaviaproma – developers of aircraft and helicopters. The scientific leader OF KNIR “warrant” was the captain of the 1st rank A. A. Borisov. According to its results were the leading role and the place AV in the system VMF, is again it is convincingly proven that when, in its composition, the ships of this class are absent, under the conditions of supremacy in air of the aviation of enemy in the remote regions of the action of our forces, the combat stability of ships VMF was insufficient and does not provide the solution with the fleet of its tasks. Preliminary design 1160 (executed under my management, as chief designer) was a wide design study of eight versions AV with different by the composition of armament, types GEU, and with displacement in the limits from 40 000 to 100 000 T. because of the absence at that time of the developer of special aviation-engineering devices (catapult, arresting gear and emergency barrier) their preliminary designs carried out NPKB. For the first time with the participation of contractors in it, besides AV itself, were examined also a need for the development of the power of industry, selection of construction plant, questions of the guarantee coast and floating basing, creation and finalizing of special devices, training of personnel of the flying and technical personnel of carrier-based aviation and other, economic estimation of total expenditures for the implementation of the program of the building of a series AV of three ships so on. 1160. For the reduction it is timetable creation such AV, in the depth of the study of the questions, which determine design and building of such complex ships, preliminary design 1160 corresponded by the volume to the preliminary design (it was released about 900 documents). Simultaneously in OKB Of minaviaproma were developed the preliminary designs of aircraft for this AV. After examination on the presidium NTS Of minsudproma and united NTS Of minsudproma, Minaviaproma, VMF and VVS (with the participation of the management of all defense branches of industry, whose enterprise they were assigned to the creation AV, the development of the preliminary designs of ship, aircraft, aviation and other armament for it) was rekomendovan for further design version atomic multipurpose AV with displacement about 80 000 t, which possessed optimum measures of combat and economic effectiveness, with the aircraft of catapult takeoff (by destroyers of the type Su-27, antisubmarine of the type P -42) and the helicopters of the type kA -27 with a total quantity of ship flight vehicles (VARNISH) to 70 machines, the antiship missile complex (PKRK)”granite”, the zenith fire means and the radio-electronic armament. However, besides confirmation VMF and VVS of need and expediency, and as industry – the technical capability of creation AV and carrier-based aviation of catapult takeoff for the building of such ships it was necessary to make a political decision at the higher level, to what the management of the country proved to be unready. As it was noted in my article about TAKR “Novorossisk” (see “shipbuilding”, 1997, № 3), at the proposal Of d. f. Ustinov as the alternative to proposal MSP, MAP, VMF and VVS about the building up to 1986 of a series of three AV so on. 1160 in the fall of 1973 was accepted the solution to create instead of them the modernized antisubmarine cruisers (PKR) of the type “Kiev”, after beginning in 1975 building the third ship of this type (the rest P of 43 M, then – 11433), with the basing on it of supersonic VTOL AIRCRAFT – destroyers (Yak-36 MF, then Yak-41), the design of the following (from the fourth ship) of news taking into account the basing on them of the light aircraft of catapult takeoff (types MiG-23K and Su-25K) with the appropriate increase in their displacement. By accepted in the spring of 1976 according to the results of examining the executed BY NPKB technical proposal on the creation of this ship by the decision of government was provided for design into 1976-1977 and buildings to G98shch g. of two atomic “large cruisers with the air armament” of so on. 1153. In contrast to AV so on. 1160 on them was provided for the basing of catapult type light aircraft (indicated above types), and over the long term – and Su-27K. The total quantity VARNISH (during the arrangement aboard the ship of light aircraft) was 50 un. with an increase in the composition PKRK and reduction in the displacement of ship to 70 000 T. in connection with the refusal of the ministry of heavy machine building with the agreement of the project of decision of the development and productions of special aviation-engineering devices for these cruisers, B. ye. butoma charged their creation to proletarian plant Minsudproma (chief designer – A. A. Bulgakov). Design of ships so on. 1153 (chief designer – V. f. anikiyev) were the second approximation of initiated in 1971 works on AV so on. 1160. However, further fate of developed NPKB and affirmed VMF and MSP of preliminary design affected death (during April and June 1976 g.) its basic supporters – two ministers – A. A. Grechko and B. ye. butomy, as a result of which S. g. Gorshkov was deprived by central board VMF of the so necessary for it support in the creation of such ships. On the insistence of the new Minister of Defense Of d.F.Ustinova, in 1977-1978 were accepted the solutions about the curtailment of the works by technical so on initiated. 1153 and the continuation of building PKR (pereklassifitsirovannykh then in heavy aircraft-carrying of cruiser – TAKR) type “Kiev”. In 1978 instead of the head cruiser so on. 1153 was placed the fourth ship of the type “Kiev” (on so on. 1143 M, then 1143 A, 11434), the intended for the basing VTOL AIRCRAFT Yak-41. fifth TAKR was subject to building on new project 11435 with the catapult aircraft (types MiG-29K, Su-25K, Su-27K) and BY VTOL AIRCRAFT Yak-41. the development of aircraft MiG-23K also ceased, and expanded in the guarantee of creation of ships so on. 1153 buildings of ground-based complex “thread” continued in the interests of the creation of new TAKR and aircraft for it. With the examination Glavkomom VMF By s. g. Gorshkov during November 1977 of the basic directions of step by step improvement TAKR so on. 11433, 11434 and 11435 on the fifth ship was accepted the solution: for determining the composition of its armament to charge NPKB to develop technical proposal, and to institutes VMF and VVS to prepare and to coordinate with NPKB the project TTZ to it, which to present in the assertion during November 1977. In this task to provide the guarantee of basing and combat employment both THE VTOL AIRCRAFT and the aircraft of catapult takeoff with the arrangement aboard the ship of one catapult, arresting gears and emergency barrier, to use those begun by development for the ships so on. 1153 promising complexes of armament, to increase for the increase to the combat vitality of ship (in comparison with TAKR so on. 1143-11434) the volume of design protection with a maximally possible decrease of the displacement of ship. In the composition of technical proposal (development of which was carried out under the direct management of the deputy chief designer so on. 1153 O. p. yefimova were completed during April 1978 g.) bureau examined five versions of ship with different composition of armament and aviation-engineering devices, with two types GEU (boiler and turbine and atomic) and with displacement in the limits of 59 000-65 000 T. from these versions NPKB was recommended for further design minimum on the displacement fifth version with GEU according to the type so on. 1143 and by two catapults, one of which with the reduction of main measurements it was possible to place only due to the removal OF PKRK “granite”. By basic aircraft types of catapult takeoff for TAKR so on. 11435 bureaus proposed to count destroyer MiG-29K and attack aircraft Su-25K (overall sizes of destroyer Su-27K. they required the reduction of their quantity to 35%). Area of the flight deck TAKR so on. 11435 according to the specifications of proposal it exceeded the same on TAKR so on. 1143-11434 1,6 times, and hangar – 1,3 times. The presence aboard the aircraft-carrying ship of one catapult, in the case of its damage in field conditions, in practice deprived TAKR of the possibility to use a basic power of its aircraft armament. With a total quantity VARNISH to 42 machines, aboard the ship was provided for the basing of 18-28 aircraft (depending on type) and 14 helicopters kA -252. In the technical proposal was examined the basing of 18 destroyers Su-27K either 28 – MiG-29K (Su-25K) or by 16 VTOL AIRCRAFT Yak-41 even 12 MiG-29K (Su-25K). By the decision of government, accepted on 13 October, 1978, to Defense Ministry (VMF) it charged to give out in THE IV quarter of the same year TTZ to the design of ship and TTT to the creation of ship aircraft with the catapult takeoff, To minsudpromu – to ensure development in 1979-1980 draft and technical designs V. v.Dmitriyev (1933-1993) – the director OF TSNII – CENTRAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE im. academician a. n. Krylov TAKR. According to project 11435 it was proposed to define the periods of the building of ships in the developed ten-year plan of military shipbuilding during the years 1981-1990 however, in spite of the presence of the decision indicated, the process of designing this TAKR as the third approximation to creation of the first domestic aircraft-carrying ship with the aircraft of usual aerodynamic configuration proved to be far from simple as a result of the number of the unpredictable changes in the requirements for it of glavkoma VMF and constant pressure on it from the side of Minister of Defense as the enemy of the large aircraft-carrying ships. Active role in the formation of this new for the domestic fleet direction of the creation of the balanced oceanic fleet in all stages of its development (the rest 1160, 1153, 11435 and other.) and the formation of the position of management MSP played the chief engineer (then director) OF TSNII – CENTRAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE im. academician a. n. Krylov – in. V. Dmitriev, who constantly lent decisive support NPKB. By basic differences in the requirements of the task VMF for the development of the design of fifth TAKR in its initial editorial staff from TTZ for so on. 1153 there was the reduction of a total quantity VARNISH aboard the ship to 42 machines, rockets OF PKRK “granite” – to 12 un., the replacement OF AEU to boiler and turbine GEU according to the type so on. 1143. New requirement was the limitation of main measurements and displacement of ship by the conditions of guaranteeing its building on the stock “against” CHSZ and dokovaniya in the northern dock Of sevmorzavoda without the additional capital investments to reconstruction and development of the production capacities of these enterprises. The development of the universal-design materials of preliminary design carried out participants in the drawing and designing works on the ships of the carrier-based type, renewed in NPKB since 1968 (including – preliminary design 1160, pr.yyshche and technical proposal on so on. 11435), which determined the realization in it of the number earlier new technical the solutions accepted. The direct leader of the design of new TAKR in the beginning of the development of preliminary design was O. p. yefimov. For me it was necessary to provide control for the continuation of works on the experimental and pilot models of armament and equipment, begun for guaranteeing the creation of cruisers so on. 1153 and used in so on. 11435. After the transfer Of o. p. yefimov in the summer of 1979 into the work into the apparatus MSP, the completion draft so on. 11435 laid on me. At the end of 1979 the chief designer of this project was appointed chief and chief designer OF NPKB V. f. anikiyev. The development of the drawings of general layout for the ship as a whole, that define its architectural appearance and layout of the accomodations of different designation, it headed (as on so on. 1160 and 1153) G. g. Pavlovs – designer of the highest qualification, the deserved veteran of bureau with the thirty-year period and the large work experience on many projects, beginning from the postwar artillery cruisers. Works NPKB on the continuation of the creation of the takeoff and landing block of ground-based complex “thread” it led o. K. surkov, the division head of aviation-engineering means, then – the deputy chief designer so on. 11435. In the course of developing the design at the conference in TSNIIVK at the end of July 1979. S. g. Gorshkov placed before NPKB a number of the new requirements: strengthening zenith fire means, an increase in the safety of landing aircraft on the arresting gear and the productivity of the supply of aviaboyepripasov, which was takeed into account. it presented for consideration VMF during September of the same year. After the month it was examined and rekomendovan to the assertion at the conference, carry ouied in Leningrad under the management of chief HOOKE R. d. filonovich with the participation of central administrations and institutes VMF and VVS, main administrations and institutes MSP and MAP, NPKB and its co-executors – developers VARNISH. During November 1979 so on. 11435 after examination and consideration in S. g. Gorshkov it was approved for the assertion VMF and MSP. In this case by central board proposed for further design to work the versions of the composition of the air armament of ship with an increase in the total quantity THE VARNISH to 52 machines without a change in the main measurements TAKR. From the presented TO NPKB versions it approved for developing engineering design the composition of air group TAKR of 14 aircraft Su-27K, 16 VTOL AIRCRAFT Yak-41 and 22 helicopters of the type kA -252 (RLD, PL and PS). This increase in the quantity VARNISH required arrangement aboard the ship (due to the spare places) of additional flying and technical personnel, and also reserves of aviation fuel, which led to a change in the circumscriptions of the underwater part of the housing and an increase in the side height. The realization of all measures indicated caused an increase in the displacement of ship to 65 000 t. This increase in the displacement of new TAKR in comparison with the constructed and constructed ships so on. 1143, 11433, 11434 it caused the objections of the General Staff (where the deputy chief on VMF at that time was Admiral N. n. amel’ko, thus far the deputy Of glavkoma VMF, and in the general staff – basic opponent Of s. g. Gorshkov on questions of the prospect for development VMF, the ardent enemy of the creation of the large aircraft-carrying ships), which used the support of the chief of general staff N. V. ogarkova and Minister of Defense D.F. ustinova. In the beginning of 1980 the Minister of Defense signed the directive prepared by general staff, which placed before VMF, VVS, MSP and MAP of the task of reducing displacement TAKR so on. 11435 and to reorient its air group, in essence, to the aircraft of the vertical and short takeoff and landing (SV/UVP). For guaranteeing the takeoff of aircraft with the short takeoff it was proposed to provide springboard aboard the ship instead of the catapults. Then followed indication with respect to the guarantee of a takeoff OF VTOL AIRCRAFT Yak-41 with the short takeoff. By the plan of military shipbuilding during the years 1981-1990, by affirmed during March 1980, the periods of the design of new TAKR were transferred for two years, and its building – at the end of the 12th five-year plan with the determination of the period of delivery VMF from the results of asserting tekhproyekta of ship. These changes were connected with N. n. amel’ko’s tendency to impose ON VMF and MSP instead of TAKR so on. 11435 supported by it antisubmarine helicopter carriers so on. 10200. The initial idea of creation relative to the cheap helicopter carriers (by an order lower than TAKR), on the simplified requirements also on the base of housings and mechanisms of civil it is ship, it arose even in the beginning the 70’s with the fulfillment KNIR “warrant”. To ensure their combat stability must they were AV (then – TAKR). The perceptible military-economic effectiveness of such helicopter carriers could be achieved only with their building in the composition of a series of transport it was ship without disruption of the continuity of development and building TAKR. With the start in the plan of military shipbuilding the circle of the combat missions of these ships was extended by general staff. By the affirmed plan was provided for building on CHSZ of two landing- antisubmarine helicopter carriers so on. 10200 immediately after the fourth and instead of fifth TAKR. Thus, their role and place in the composition of fleet, and also the taken in 1978 order of building TAKR changed. This led to the need for the revision of given out previously TTZ on so on. 10200 and the propagation on it of the acting requirements VMF fully. However, their realization on the base of civil it is ship it proved to be impossible, and cost became close to the cost TAKR. The idea of the use of this base for creating the helicopter carriers lost sense; therefore VMF and MSP were not recommended so on. 10200 to the building, takeing into account also the presence of the number of the serious deficiencies, which decrease the combat capabilities of ship and not admitted not only under the conditions of military, but also peacetime. In the report to Minister of Defense about the results of examining tekhproyekta of the helicopter carrier and accepted on it solutions to avoid interruption in the building TAKR (acutely necessary for guaranteeing the combat stability of the naval forces) with central board VMF the minister of ship-building industry they proposed after the descent TAKR of “Baku” to begin the building of the same second ship. D. f. Ustinov supported them and at the end of 1980 gave indication to Gosplan to include in the plan of the production of military equipment building one more, analogous TAKR, with the possible and necessary improvement. However, in this case separately was specified prohibition to increase main measurements and displacement of the second ship of pr.yyyaeya in comparison with the first, in order to ensure the retention of the continuity of the building of ships of such type on CHSZ. During April 1980 by central board VMF S. g. Gorshkov affirmed TTZ to the fulfillment NPKB of design studies for the purpose of the determination of the rational ways of the realization of the directive of Minister of Defense about the decrease of the displacement of ship and orientation of his aircraft pool in essence on STOL. By basic aircraft type for TAKR was determined BY SK/VVP Yak-41 with the guarantee of his takeoff from the springboard, the total quantity VARNISH – in the limits of 46-62 machines. Was posed the problem of determining the possibility of the basing of promising SV/UVP with mass to 30 t and to examine two versions GEU: KTU and AEU (on the base GEU so on. 11434 and 1144), the displacement of ship was limited to the value of 55 000 t. According to the results of examination draft so on. On 11435 23 July 1980 g designed the solution OF MSP, MAP, VMF and VVS, in accordance with which its development, provided by decision of 13 October, 1978, was acknowledged final. In the interests of further strengthening of the air armament of the aircraft-carrying ships and determination of the balanced compositions VARNISH from the decided tasks and the combat areas NPKB in the process of development so on. 11435 charged to carry out design studies by the types and the composition THE VARNISH and of the means of the guarantee of their combat employment and operation aboard the ship on the new order for further development of design in accordance with the decision of government of 26 March, 1980, for this task NPKB it carried out 10 versions of the design studies, which in autumn the same year it presented for consideration VMF and MSP. According to the results of studies TSNIIVK corrected TTZ on so on. 11435, which HOOKE presented in the assertion Glavkomu VMF during November 1980. The following basic refinements were introduced in the task: aircraft pool to orient, in essence, toward aircraft of the shortened and vertical takeoff and landing, total quantity THE VARNISH to decrease from 52 to 46 machines, helicopters RLD to replace by STOL RLD, as the backup means of the guarantee of the shortened takeoff of aircraft of the type Su-27K to preserve one catapult, to somewhat decrease the volume of design protection, and also the reserves of aviation fuel. On the conclusion of institute, the changes indicated will make it possible to expect the decrease of the displacement of ship to 55 000 t; however, the executed military-economic estimation showed that by the generalized index the combat effectiveness of solution of all problems for the ship on the corrected project TTZ will be lower by 30%, than for TAKR on the preliminary design of 1979. At the end of 1980 on D. f. Ustinov’s insistence was accepted the solution to complete the building of complex “thread” in the volume, which ensures finalizing on it only STOL, with the exception from the composition of his equipment for those created by the proletarian plant of the prototypes of catapults. The corrected project TTZ not was affirmed; however, NPKB in 1981 beginning for it development draft so on. 11435 in the second circle. In accordance with the solution about the building of the second ship so on accepted. 11434 by indications MSP and VMF of bureau together with the institutes of the Defense Ministry, MSP and MAP developed proposals for the possible improvement of this TAKR and during February 1981 presented them for consideration. During April of the same year by the solution OF MSP, MAP, VMF and VVS, they were affirmed for the management with the development of reduced tekhproyekta 114342 for the second ship, which NPKB charged to present for consideration in THE III quarter of 1981. By the proposals indicated, for purposes of the guarantee of a takeoff from the springboard STOL Yak-41, was provided for an increase in the dimensions of the flight deck (in its that number, area from 6000 to 10 800 m2) for the calculation the arrangement of launchers PKRK “basalt” on to the starboard before the superstructure (analogous with that accepted for the rocket cruiser “glory” so on. 1164) and the displacement of superstructure to the starboard. The total quantity of those being being based on the second ship VARNISH increased to 40 unit “it were studied the possibility of the basing on it not only of aircraft Su-27K, but also aircraft RLD, which revealed the need for an increase in its main measurements. By the same solution to Flight-Test Institute, MMZ “speed” and MZ im. p. o. Dry MAP it charged to give out NPKB the necessary data on the geometry of the universal springboard, which ensures the safe shortened takeoff of aircraft Yak-38, Yak-41 and Su-27K from the flight deck TAKR so on. 114342. During May of the same year D. f. Ustinov accepted proposal MAP, VVS and VMF about the conducting on the complex “thread” of experimental works on the shortened takeoff from the springboard of destroyers Su-27 and MiG-29. During September 1981 with the visit TAKR “Kiev” during the studies “the West -81”, after the report Of glavkoma VMF about the step by step improvement of constructed and subsequent TAKR of this type from one ship to the next, the Minister of Defense permitted increasing displacement TAKR so on. 114342, in comparison with constructed TAKR of “Baku”, on 10 000 t (with the appropriate improvement in his TTE, directed toward an increase in the combat effectiveness). After this, VMF proposed MSP in the course of developing reduced tekhproyekta 114342 to carry out studies on further improvement in its TTE due to an increase in the total quantity VARNISH from 40 to 50 machines, the replacement OF PKRK “basalt” on PKRK “granite”, strengthening design protection and changes in other basic elements with an increase in the displacement on 10 000 T. in the number of aircraft, which are been based on ship, it was proposed to provide, except SK/VVP Yak-41, aircraft Su-27K, MiG-29K and RLD with the guarantee of their takeoff from the springboard with two takeoff runways. A question about the catapult for this ship was taken moreover, General Staff raised a question about the curtailment of all works on creation and finalizing of catapults. After the repeated visit of “thread” different commissions of Defense Ministry, with the participation By n. n. amel’ko, from the content of the equipment of this complex excluded the catapult, intended for the flight tests of aircraft and instruction of pilots in catapult takeoff, and was left only technological (named starting device), necessary for the finalizing, the calibrations and checkings of aerofinisherov.Raboty on the creation of the aircraft of catapult takeoff, begun in 1972 were convoluted. After descent at the end of March of 1982 TAKR of “Baku” on the stock “about” was begun the work on its partial modernization (provided by the project, developed BY GSPI Of “soyuzproyektverf'” even with the preparation of construction plant for the planned laying in 1978 of head cruiser so on. 1153) – lengthening and repair, the restoration of lateral trigger paths, the building of near-building-slip area for the installation of large blocks from the volumetric sections of hull constructions. Stock after the installation on it of two gigantic gantry cranes, stocked up on the initiative Of b. ye. butomy at the end the 70’s in Finland (firm “horse”) on the decision of government about the creation of ships so on. 1153, the completion of reconstruction and building of near-building-slip area it became contemporary building-slip complex, which made it possible subsequently to construct here ships with the increased main measurements and the trigger mass. In connection with the compressed periods of the design of new TAKR, which it was in prospect to place in all through half a year after the descent TAKR of “Baku”, with the correction so on. 114342 in the maximum measure accepted for the basis the existing in NPKB reserve on so on. 11435, which to the larger degree satisfied new requirements VMF, than the first development stage so on. 114342. Practical solution of the problem of the decrease of displacement TAKR so on. 11435 with the decrease of its main measurements and the introduction of separate changes (with the introduction of the technical solutions, accepted by TAKR so on. 1143, 11433 and 11434) were charged to the deputy chief designer of these projects To n. f. Zhukov. This correction of project was completed during March 1982 with the requiring decrease of the displacement of ship to 55 000 t, after which was approved VMF and BY MSP. At the end of April into the general staff entered prepared MSP, MAP and VMF the project of report into the Defense Council with the application of the project of the decision about the building TAKR so on. 114342, the assertion of its basic elements and measures for the guarantee of building. With the agreement of the indicated documents with the general staff for their signing by Minister of Defense N. n. amel’ko changed the content of report and attained with the final formulation of decision (on 7 May 1982 g.) awarding to new cruiser its real designation – TAKR so on. 11435, which accomplished the taken program on TAKR on 1981 -1990 yr. with the same decision MAP was charged the development of technical proposals to the creation for new TAKR of the aircraft of the tramplinnogo takeoff of different types and designations. In summer the same year was designed the solution OF MSP, MAP, VMF and VVS about the assertion technical so on. 11435. During August on the complex “thread” conducted the flight tests of laboratory aircraft Su-27 and MiG-29 from the experimental springboard, the confirmed, practical possibility realizations of this takeoff of the aircraft of the types indicated. During September on CHSZ they placed head TAKR so on. 11435 (to which they appropriated the designation of the capital of Latvian SSR – “Riga”), after establishing on the stock the mortgage bottom sections of the hull of ship. In two months new TAKR was renamed in “Leonid Brezhnev”, and during December on near-building-slip area they began the installation (from the volumetric and planar sections prepared in the korpusosborochnom shop of plant) of the first block with the new mortgage board. This block raised to the stock by two gantry cranes on 22 February, 1983. On accepted for the building TAKR so on. of 11435 advanced technologies of the formation of housing from the large blocks (which for the first time took root with building of this large ship in the practice of domestic shipbuilding) basic housing was broken into 21 blocks. On the height it was divided into two tiers, the 6th deck was the boundary of lower and upper tiers. The length of blocks reached 32 m, width corresponded to the total width of housing, height – about 13 m, mass – 1400 T. all constructions of the superstructure of ship combined into the 22nd block, sponsony were formed also from the blocks. With the issue of working design documentation according to the rigid unit-by-unit graph (where on RKD of each block plant required month) in NPKB volumetric design in the most saturated accomodations of ship and building-block design of equipment widely were used contemporary calculate the body technology (level of the automation of drawing and designing works as a whole it reached 55%, calculations – 75%). The technology accepted considerably reduced the duration of the building-slip period of building ship. This reduction was ensured due to the expansion of a gamut of operations with the fulfillment of their significant volume out of the stock, under the shop conditions that the quality of the execution substantially increased. The formation of housing from the blocks of lower tier continued simultaneously in two directions – into the nose and to fodder from the mortgage block, analogously conducted work on the formation also of upper tier. On the stock into the blocks of lower tier to closing of the 6th deck immersed main boilers and GTZA, other equipment for mashinnokotel’nykh departments, energys-section and departments of refrigerators, mechanisms of systems. So occurred loading equipment and devices into the blocks of upper tier. Loading and installation of armament (besides the zone the unit of the launchers OF PKRK “granite”), of aviation-engineering means, electrical equipment, ventilation systems and air conditioning, and also equipment of accomodations it was provided for to carry out on to float, with the completion of ship in the northern embankment of large ladle CHSZ. The elder builder of ship assigned S. n. astremskiy, who in 1972-1978 conducted the building OF TAKR “Minsk” so on. 1143. Since the beginning of building ship at the plant they organized the group of the designer’s supervision NPKB, headed by turns by the deputies chief designer of project. The complex marking of preinsulation saturation of accomodations and correction RKD according to the experience of building were carried out with the participation of the division of technical assistance NPKB, organized from the nikolayevskikh designers. Simultaneously since the beginning of the formation of the hull of ship on the complex “thread” was installed the first domestic full-scale prototype of ship arresting gear (developed and prepared with proletarian plant) for the forthcoming finalizing and conducting the joint testing according to the straight designation. During June 1983 on it took place the first braking of laboratory aircraft MiG-23 with its takeoff on the takeoff and landing strip of airfield. Prior to the end of the year they completed the equipment of landing module by remaining arresting gears, after their calibration with starting device began joint finalizing with the aircraft. During September 1984 in our country here was for the first time successfully realized aerofinishernaya landing of aircraft Su-27. From August of the following year on the “thread” began the tests on the takeoff of laboratory aircraft Su-27 from the springboard of the accepted for the constructed ship geometry. Then here were conducted the flight tests of laboratory aircraft MiG-27, MiG-29 and Su-25. In 1983 was obtained the permission of government to the building of second TAKR so on. 11435 with its possible improvement taking into account it is timetable the creation of ship and new models of armament on the studies, executed BY NPKB together with the co-executors. After death Of d. f. Ustinov (1984 g.) NPKB charged to begin the design of atomic TAKR so on. 11437 with the catapult aircraft (provided by plan military shipbuilding 1986-1995 yr.) with a total quantity and the types VARNISH, rekomendovannymi as early as 1973 for further designing AV so on. 1 160. In 1985. S. g. Gorshkov (who almost 30 years was Glavkomom VMF) they freed from the held post with respect to the age and they directed into the group of the general inspectors of MO SSSR – Ministry of Defense of the USSR. With it our fleet became oceanic nuclear rocket and the second in the world after U.S. NAVY, and creation and mastery of the domestic aircraft-carrying ships – by reality. Descent to the water TAKR “Leonid Brezhnev” – unique in the practice domestic shipbuilding throughout the trigger mass (32 000 t) – from the inclined stock took place on 4 December of the same year already without his participation. 20 min after descent on the building-slip complex CHSZ they placed the second ship, to which they appropriated the uncalled-for on head TAKR designation “Riga”. Its laying proved to be very spectacular: on the bottom overlap of the first block (nose machine- boiler department), raised to the stock by gantry cranes, they stood under the cases installed on their foundations both GTZA and four main boilers. In the spring of 1986 by chief designer so on. 11435 were appointed P. A. Sokolov (thus far – the deputy chief designer so on. 1153 and TAKR), V. f. anikiyev in 1986-1987 completed works on creation TAKR of “Baku” so on. 11434. Like “Novorossisk” this ship after its delivery VMF they also completed by aircraft Yak-38, since the creation of destroyer Yak-41 excessively tightened itself. During June of the same year the decision of government with the assertion of changes in the basic elements so on left. 11435 aboard the second ship (TAKR “Riga”). After death in 1986 o. K. surkova the deputy chief designer for the air armament TAKR assigned Yu. d. Sergey (thus far – division head NPKB on the aviation-engineering means). The in summer following year TAKR “Leonid Brezhnev” they appropriated (already the third according to the calculation in the process of his building) designation – “Tbilisi”. During November 1988 on the building-slip complex CHSZ took place the descent to the water TAKR “Riga” and laying ATAKR “Ul’yanovsk” (head ship so on. 11437). With the building of ships so on. 11435 and so forth, etc. 11437 NPKB and CHSZ left to the world technical level in the creation of the large aircraft-carrying ships, achieved by the American firm “Newport news”, which since 1961 is in THE USA monopolist in this region of ship building. Today design and the building of such ships are called unique technology. Before beginning the dockside trials “Tbilisi”, in the spring of 1989, by the chief designer of ship it became L. V. Belov (thus far – the deputy chief designers OF PKR, TAKR and chief designer so on. 11437). Dockside trials conducted in the period from 8 June, 1989, through 25 May, 1990, in the fall of 1989 in “Tbilisi” they began the joint flight design tests of its air armament. On 1 November, 1989, to the flight deck TAKR, for the first time in the history of domestic aviation and VMF, completed the first landings, and then flights carrier-based fighters Su-27K, MiG-29K and trainer aircraft Su-25 UTG. From 28 May through 31 July, 1990, the ship successfully underwent plant road tests. To the completion official tests TAKR (on 25 December, 1990), which carried out the government commission under Vice Admiral a. m. ust’yantsev’s management, from the cruiser were executed more than 300 flights. Then the tests of aircraft continued in the Black sea prior to the end of 1991, after which TAKR completed the passage around Europe to the place of its constant basing in the northern fleet, into composition of which it entered during January 1992. On 4 October, 1990, TAKR “Tbilisi” renamed in the “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov”. Such, although late, the solution repulses the salient role N. g. Kuznetsov (druggie VMF, Naval Secretary. Glavkoma NAVY (VMF) in 1939-1955 yr.) in the development and the combat activity VMF – founder of the creation of the oceanic nuclear rocket balanced fleet, in which AV had to occupy their worthy place. 16 years it persistently and persistently attained creation domestic AV, which determine the combat stability of the remaining naval forces and the ability of the solution by them its tasks. 16 years after death they deservedly appropriated its name to the largest warship of our fleet, which, unfortunately, proved to be only in the composition VMF of Russia. After one-and-a-half month to renaming of this unique ship OF TAKR “Riga” it began to bear aboard holy for our fleet historical designation – guard TAKR “Varangian”, that, however, it did not change his tragic fate, decided beforehand by people, deprived of a feeling of patriotism. From November 1991 VMF OF THE USSR (now – Russia), because of general reduction of defense expenditure, it stopped payments CHSZ (which now belongs to the Ukraine), necessary for continuing the building TAKR “Varangian” and ATAKR “Ul’yanovsk”. The result of such short-sighted (but it can be – and the well deliberate solution) became the curtailment of the completion of a “Varangian” (with his readiness of more than 65%) and of the building of “Ul’yanovsk”, which led to the permanent loss for Russia of both of these ships, and also significant means and resources, inserted in their creation. As is known, the housing of “Ul’yanovsk”, to three fourth that formed on the stock, in 1992 was cut into the metal, which several years (from ed. not more than a year) it were dragged along in the territory of plant to the sending to the melting. a “Varangian” in 1995 excluded from the lists of the ships VMF of Russia and transmitted to his construction plant on account it was debt Defense Ministries RF, after which CHSZ signed the contract with the English firm about sale by it of the unfinished hull of this ship for the scrap metal. (from red. a “Varangian” is sold in the macaw, but is located in Nikolayev on the preparation for the passage, about perepetiyakh of his fate late.;)) A change in the political and economic conditions of the last years considerably complicated and detained mastery by our fleet TAKR (in VMF of Russia – TAVKR)”Admiral Kuznetsov”, completion of his air group by series destroyers Su-27K (after adoption in 1994 to the armament – Su-33) and training of air crews for them. Only in 1993 to the northern fleet aircraft intended for this ship began to arrive, and in the following it was possible to prepare (on the leased, located in the Ukraine, complex “thread”) the first group of combatant ship pilots. During September 1994 TAVKR was for the first time accepted the participation in the studies of the fleet, in course of which began the practical mastery of its air armament. Began of 1996, in which the 300- anniversary of Russian fleet was noted, it was marked by significant development in his history. In spite of the complex financial position, in which proved to be our fleet, his command successfully conducted the first prolonged march to the Mediterranean of the force VMF of Russia in the composition of twelve warships and auxiliary was ship three fleets headed by TAVKR “Admiral Kuznetsov” as the models of carrier-based multipurpose group. Air group TAVKR consisted of 15 aircraft Su-33, one Su-25 UTG and 11 helicopters kA -27. By aircraft TAVKR in three months of march were perfected more than four hundred flights, by helicopters – about seven hundred. The international authority of Russia as sea power to a considerable extent increased this march, he served the revival of traditional friendly relations with NAVY of the countries of the Mediterranean. The first combat service TAVKR “Admiral Kuznetsov” confirmed that Russia can and must enter the fourth century of its regular fleet, remaining great sea power.

Basic tactical-technical elements TAKR of projects 11434, 1 14342 and 1 1435 Naiimenovaniye of the elements Of pr.yyyaeya Of pr.yyyaeya2 Of pr.yyyaeshch TAKR “Admiral Gorshkov” (12. 1987) reduced tekhproyekt (09. 1981) the preliminary design (12. 1979) OF TAVKR “Admiral Kuznetsov” (12.1990) ARMAMENT Is aviation: a quantity is VARNISH 36 40 52 50 including: destroyers KVP – – Su-27K MiG-29K Su-27K destroyers K/VVP – Yak-41 Yak-41 – attack aircraft K/VVP Yak-38 – – – the helicopters KA -27 KA -27, KA -27, KA -27, KA -29 KA -252 rld kA -31 Area of flight 6000 10800 14300 14800 deck, m2 Quantity VPP 7 10 7 10 Quantity of the catapults – – 2 – Quantity of the starting – 2 2 3 the positions of the aircraft Rocket; impact ‘KH2 PU OF ‘KH2 PU OF Y2KHY PU OF Y2KHY PU PKRK “basalt” OF PKRK “basalt” OF PKRK The “granite” OF PKRK “granite” zenith YAKHE PU OF YAKHE PU OF YAKHE PU OF YAKHE PU ZRS The “dagger” OF ZRS The “dagger” OF ZRS The “dagger” OF ZRS “dagger” roketno-artille- – yakh2 PU of yakh2 PU of yakh2 PU riyskoye ZKBR The “dirk” OF ZKBR The “dirk” OF ZKBR “dirk” Artillery 2khy – 100- mm – – – AK-Y00 8kh’ – 30- mm ‘kh’ – 30- mm AK-И0 AK-И0 Antitorpedo 2KHY2 PU OF 2KHY2 PU – 2khy2 PU “boa constrictor -1” “boa constrictor -1” “boa constrictor -1” SHIP-BUILDING ELEMENTS Displacement is complete, t ok. 44 500 45400 65000 it is more than 55 000 Speed is complete, bonds Of ok.e0 of 30 28 Ok.29 Cruising range, miles (knots) ok. 7000 (18) 7000(18) 7000(18) ‘ it is more than 8000 (18)

May be a Chinese version of 5Н66М:

Admiral Kuznetsov is 67,000t atleast.

http://www.hazegray.org/worldnav/russia/surface.htm#cv

I doubt it
http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/kuznetsov/specs.html

Wanshan, although my “authorities” whom I do believe also state the maximum ROF for AK-130 to be 86 rpm for the turret, nevertheless You are absolutely right, that for AAD purposes two AK-100 mounts with total ROF of 120 rpm are better than single AK-130. With two mounts You can also split the fire on two targets simultaneously. Also, some Russian analysts indicated, that twin mount of AK-130 “wobbles” a little, as the barrels doesn’t shoot simultaneously. This doesn’t matter so much on a ship or land target, but it does matter on an aircraft or missile.

The concept in itself really is an earlier one – that of Projekt 1153 Oryol CVN(if I’m right on the number), which was concepted in late sixties as CATOBAR only. Later it went through Kievs and Kuznecovs to Ulyanovsk. But the picture SOC mailed seems to be a new concept of what Russians are tentatively speaking as future CV after 2020.