The MADLs on each aircraft handshake as the network is being established. Once the handshake is complete, the MADL on each airplane keeps track of its assigned sister MADL nodes in the network. The MADLs compensate for airplane maneuvers using the airplane’s inertial reference system to assure the narrow L-band beam stays pointed at its assigned sister nodes. The beam is a cone with an apex angle of several degrees — MADL employs square arrays so it can steer beams in azimuth and elevation (unlike the SU linear array). The beam is agile in frequency, power and waveform so it would appear as noise to a RWR. If a network link is broken (MADL lock is lost), the pilots can manually command the MADLs to reacquire.
MADL is Ku band. Thats how it is LPI.
Also receiving an inflight refueling probe?
Tu-22M2 inflight refueling training ceased in 1981 with the probes removed by the late 1980s to comply with SALT 2 treaty (I could be wrong on the treaty name).
Tu-22M2 were delivered from 1975 and officially entered service in 1978.
One(?) of the Tu-22M3 prototypes was fitted with a probe. Production examples were not fitted, again due to the treaty.
The USAF did test 8 F-86F-2 in combat March-July 1953. These had 4 T-160 20mm guns (Prototype M39). Due to engine surges caused by gas ingestion (the UK, USSR and others had serious problems fitting cannon to early aircraft), only two cannon were actually usable. During 41 MiG-15 engagements they claim 6 shot down, 3 probably and 13 damaged.
During early Cold War years, some jet bombers were almost as fast as the subsonic interceptors (F-89, etc). Due to closing speeds, head-on attacks with guns were unlikely to occur and would be over very fast (not to mention chance of collisions).
Tail intercepts with guns were the result, bringing interceptors into defensive bomber fire.
Interceptors were fitted with radar and fire control to attack from either the side or rear. With 104 rockets, the F-89D could cover the area of a football pitch – AFAIK they could do this purely by radar (all weather intercepts). Later systems could attack from any target aspect.
“Each rocket has 3.42 kg warhead, max range is 4400 yards, although normally fired at 500 yards. Each rocket has same power as 75mm shell. (Encyclopedia of USAF Aircraft & Missile Systems – Post WWII Fighters, page 69)”
At the time, rockets made sense. However during one peacetime incident two interceptors salvoed all their rockets at a off course target drone. All ~200 rockets missed.
Piotr Butowski gives 14 m wingspan and 19.8 m length in his March 2010 Air International article.
Link below has:
“The Air Force F-111Fs would spend only 11 minutes in the target area, with what at first appeared to be mixed results. Anti-aircraft and SAM opposition from the very first confirmed that the Libyans were ready. News of the raid was broadcast while it was in progress. One aircraft, Karma 52, was lost, almost certainly due to a SAM, as it was reported to be on fire in flight. Capt. Fernando L. Ribas-Dominicci and Capt. Paul F. Lorence were killed. Only Ribas-Dominicci’s body was recovered; his remains were returned to the US three years later.”
http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/1999/March%201999/0399canyon.aspx
‘Page 9’ of this link:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/4662079/Aircraft-Profile-090-Chance-Vought-F8AE-Crusader
Pulled out of CMWS in 2003.
Thats a 2001 report, USN pulled out of the program in 2003.
AFAIK that is how they deploy TRD – same as the current B-1B, F-16, etc. Deply TRD when painted.
Whats the source for ALQ-214 with MAWS?
Naval Weapon Systems has “Plans for integrating common missile warner (CMWS) were dropped; IDECM is all-RF program.”
Same source has the AAR-57 CMWS as part of the ALQ-212 ATIRCM.
APG-79 is credited with the following.
3 x range compared with APG-73. Range against a typical small fighter (3-5m2) is given as 100-125 nm (F-14 AWG-9 was 115 nm).
2-5 times the resolution.
It has LD/SD, sea search, SAR, ISAR and NCTR modes
SAR – can image ground tgts in all weathers. From this it can designate targets for GPS-guided weapons (JDAM, JSOW, etc).
ISAR – images moving ships. Gives the class of ship.
NCTR – uses library to give head-on ID of aircraft.
In the two-seat F/A-18F the pilot can use the radar to detect and target aircraft with AMRAAM at the same time as the WSO is using one of the modes above.
Future upgrades (Australia should end up with at least some of these):
– combined SAR/GMTI mode to detect and ID moving targets.
– electronic attack (EA) mode. This one has been much hyped. It will ‘only’ be capable against X-band radars and has limited FOV and field of regard
– electronic protection (EP) mode. Nulls X-band radar jammers.
– electronic support (ES) mode – geolocates X-band radars.
Using MIDS (Link 16), three F/A-18E/F (fitted with ALR-67(v)3) can gelocate ground radars; ATFLIR, ISAR images can be passed over MIDS (takes ‘fraction of a second’).
Currently the ALR-67(v)3 RWR will be integrated to cue the APG-79 to SAR or ISAR.
There is no mention made of an APG-79 LPI mode.
F-35/APG-81 is planned to have combat ID (Detects moving ground target using GMTO, zooms in and automatically IDs as tank, APC, etc) under Block 4 and EA under Block 6. It can detect 24+ targets in 120° in under 8 seconds (AWG-9 was 130° in 13 seconds in search and 40° in 2 seconds using TWS mode – range against 5m2 drops to 52 nm in TWS BTW).
APG-81 range is said to be similar to the APG-79, but in addition APG-81 has a cued mode – whch increases range by ~25-30%, although coverage probably decreases from 120° to ~15°. Still useful if the F-35 gets a ASQ-239 spike or EOTS contact.
APG-81 definitely has an LPI mode.
Advantage Australia has with F-35 especially (and probably F/A-18F) is that for paying 3% of development costs we get updates.
SU-30MKM EW is MAW-300 passive MAWS (AFAIK MAWS not fitted to any F/A-18E/F), LWS-310 laser warning receiver (again not fitted to Super Bug), Russian RWR, SAP-518M jammers and UV-30MK decoys. They defeinitely have Damocles targeting pods, Reco-NG recon pods buddy stores, R-73, R-27ER/ET, R-77, Kh-31P, KAB-500Kr, Kh-29T/TE, Kh-29L and dumb bombs. They might be fitted with Topsight HMD and Mica in the future.
First operational Mission: Escort Air Force One!
Remember the Leopard 1 promise? As long as a at least one F-111C is retired to a museum….
F-4J(UK) were delivered Aug 84 to Feb 85. They had AWG-10B radar, ALR-45 RWR. ALR-66 was fitted from 1985. They were also fitted with smokeless engines, TESS and Sky Flash vice AIM-7. Due to the more spritely performance, the main laodut was:
600 USG drop tank, 4 AIM-9G/L Sidewinder, 4 Sky Flash. They could carry the SUU-23A gun pdo instead of the drop tank, but this was rarely mounted.
ALQ-126 internal jammer, ASW-25 datalink and provision for AVG-8 VTAS HMS were removed before delivery.
Not sure whether they carried decoys.