Well you live and learn!
With a symetric aerofoil (and symetric surfaces generally along a horizontal plane) then there would not be a difference in flight dynamics- are there aircraft that have symetric aerofoils? Genuine question, not sarcastic.
In post 116 I gave another definition of G – the original one (it pre-dates aviation). It applies to aircraft as much as it applies to anything else in the Newtonian universe. It tallies perfectly with the way it is used in aviation, as explained by Baz, and it agrees with the lift/weight equation that you explained clearly before.
Which instruments go wild in inverted flight?
Flight dynamics are very different. In normal level flight the weight of the aircraft is countered by an aerofoil designed to generate lift in one direction only – upwards relative to the aircraft. You invert that system, and you are relying on blunter instruments to maintain level flight against the force of gravity – angle of incidence and thrust.
Straight and level, upside down – 1G (the earth’s gravity) – in an ‘upwards’ direction relative to the aircraft, therefore negative 1G.
The difference between ‘hanging in the straps’ and sitting on a seat – well, when straight and level, it’s 2G!
Positive 1G sitting in seat. Negative 1G hanging in straps.
Peter – what aircraft – am I right in thinking Mosquito?
In an inverted straight and level flight lift is generated as well by the wing which is at an angle of attack to the airstream (may be not possible with any aircraft, though) and is as well in equilibrium with weight.
The pilot and passengers have to be strapped in not to fall earthwards like a glove or a cup of tea on the coaming.
If you generate a centrifugal force in a curverd path by applying up elevator, even flying inverted, the objects will stick to the aircaft. They are restrained by the coamimg or seat and therefore have to follow the curved path and a centrifugal force is exerted on them as well, which then keeps them pressed to the aircraft against the weight.
Agreed. And the G Meter (if fitted) would read negative in the first instance, and positive in the second (given sufficient ‘up’ elevator to counter the 1G of the earth’s gravity when perfectly inverted, or the angular component thereof when not). Exactly the right amount of elevator (essentially, 1G’s ‘worth’ if I may be permitted to use a figure of speech) might produce a ‘zero’ reading for a period and a ‘Henshaw Roll’ – my earlier contention – though I am doubting myself now :confused::) – indeed FP, a good question for a Physics class.
Feeling reckless, so gonna wade right in…
‘G’ is a unit of force EQUAL TO one unit of gravity as measured at the earth’s surface (9.81 meters per second squared). What it actually measures is accelerative force (not actual acceleration – this needs to be made clear) – in units or fractions of this amount.
Whether that force is centrifugal, centripetal or a shade of puce is irrelevant to ‘G’, it is still only a measure of force upon an object in a given direction.
This conversation needs to start from that understanding. 😉
Post self-censored because it was too silly.
Watch out for those lawyers! :diablo:
I was thinking, maybe the experience of an Afro-Caribbean or Indian RAF fighter
pilot would make for a popular film, while exploding a few stereotypes at the same time. One day I’ll write it… 😉
Sorry! Rest assured I always read everything you post, James 🙂
Wow – first time I’ve actually seen that (read about it a few times 😉 ). That seems like supernaturally accurate flying to a ham-fisted bodger like me. As for the less-than-one-G thing – I ain’t going there today!! 😀
Thought so.
aeroflight.co.uk says that this is a mock-up..
Fair point, Douglasdriver :). I’m sure the man had his reasons – he was an experienced factory test pilot – but maybe we’ll never know what they were. Hey, maybe he WAS just showing off! 😮
PS. I have PM’d you 🙂
Clarification
I spent some time looking for ‘From Gull to Camel’. It turns out that this isn’t a publication at all – it was the title given to an online report of an interview with Henshaw on behalf of the Spitfire Society. I would take the ‘and as I pulled up we started to get into negative ‘G’. As the glove started to float..’ section as reported speech from a conversation, and not a considered record of any event.
However, reading this transcript ( http://www.spitfiresocietyeastern.org.uk/interview%20archive01.html ), it does seem to imply that the glove ‘trick’ was not a trick at all, but Henshaw’s practical way of minimising loads on the aircraft during the manouver, which itself was a recovery very much in the style of a ballistic roll as – it would appear – prescribed by some flight schools today.
Yours with balls hanging at 1G,
Matt
EDIT – sorry fanavion, I hadn’t noticed that you’d already linked to the article.