OK…then what was this Czech general “ill-informed” about?
his boastful claim that bekaa valley debacle led to the downfall of the USSR
A typical face saving claim. The Syrian were trained by the Russians and they got the equipment similar the Warsaw Pact countries and the typical one for several Russian units. The equipment of the Israelis was no real surprise. Just after the desaster of June 1982 high ranking Russian experts were rushed to Syria to find out the shortcomings and deliver first patches to calm down the upset Syrians. It was the first time that a “super battery layout” of SAMs was destroyed in total within hours. The result forced the Syrian Airforce in to attack the Israeli groundforces closing in on the vital highway 1 before a ceasefire could be reached. The Syrian Airforce payed a very high price for that.
We can agree that Lebanon 1982 was something special and the results in Central Europe would not have been such one-sided.
syrians and other arabs followed their own training procedures e.g iraqis were trained mostly by indians, only basic training on soviet types was given by soviets
its true that soviets sent advisors to syria after bekaa valley disaster but the equipment of syrians was NOT similar to the soviets or their WP allies.Syrians and other 3rd world nations got delibrately downgraded systems with sanitized avionics.
Israelis held all the cards
better tactics
better electronics
numerical superority
Their aircraft represented the latest western types while syrians had 2nd rate soviet equipment
The author did not use the word “latest”. She said “top”…and in the context of the article, the systems referred to were “tops” in the Soviet arsenal for that time, although not the latest
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mig-23MS and mig-21MF were not the latest soviet equipment of the mid 80s
The head of the air force who played a significant role in the outcome of the conflict will suffice for now. Perhaps not 100% objective…but whom else to listen to? The folks who designed, built, and trained the operators of those systems that were so completely blown away?
it should be a combination of both, plus there is no description of how the soviet equipment was “top” at the time or how it contributed to the syrians defaet rather than syrians tactics
“Ill-informed”?
Is that your opinion or do you have a source for that?
do we know who this czech general is that is the question
You continue to defend Soviet equipment and systems. The article was not a criticism of the Soviets…it told the story of how the Israeli lessons learned from the 1973 war were put to good use in 1982.
if it was just that then I wouldnt have criticized it
“But perhaps the most important lesson from the Bekaa Valley is not to try to infer too many lessons. There are many factors that make the Lebanon War in general and the Bekaa Valley battle in particular of limited relevance to the US military.”
LOL!! The cadet’s article was written in 1989. I wonder how he felt about that statement two years later when the US followed a similar game plan in Desert Storm.
But, to answer your question…no, I don’t disagree with his first two conclusions…they weren’t new conclusions in 1989, 1979, 1969, or even 2010
so ur saying that desert storm replicated the conditions of a NATO-WP conflict ? based on what ?
iraq whose airforce had a tough time against the outnumbered iranians ranged against it the mightest airforces in the world
a classic case of wartime propoganda exaggerating the threat from the enemy to make your own victory seem so glorious
british did the same with bismarck oh God what a super battleship ! unsinkable ! a sea leviathan ! when in reality it was based on the Baden class 20yr old design and brits had far more modern ships with 16 ” guns chasing after it.
Similarly what was so great about the iraqi airforce ? at best it had 25 mig-29 ( which is a point defence interceptor without GC) that too downgraded versions , 25 mig-25s and 40 or so Mirage F1 fighter versions ( which isnt soviet anyway ) the rest of the planes were a odd collection of early and some late model mig-21/23/su-22.Saudis alone had 60 F-15s and 20 tornado F-1s, not counting any western airforces.
if it was saudi AF vs iraqi then we have a more equal fight
But the fact is this…the Syrian aircraft and SAM systems were “trounced”. That is not a “ridiculous” statement.
syrian but not the “latest soviet systems ” last page second last paragraph
fact is syrians were using mainly 1973 technology mainly, even the mig-23s were mostly MS and MF versions and even these were outnumbered by the F-15/16s of IAF.She cites no sources , no footnotes quoting an israeli generally exclusively is hardly an objective source.
What conclusion by this author (not a conclusion belonging to her sources) did you find “ridiculous”? Can you point out where she used the Syrian example as a reference for future NATO-WP confilcts (I don’t think she even mentioned NATO or the WP in her article)?
same page, where she quotes an illinformed czech general that bekaa valley incident led to collapse of USSR ! I think the soviet already knew very well how much they lagged behind the west they didnt need Bekaa valley to tell them that
a far more authoritative source “arabs at war” by kenneth pollack does not blame soviet hardware alone rather their main criticism are the syrian tactics he cites mainly israeli sources.
A minor note…the reference to the article by “a US Air Force officer” is incorrect. The author was a cadet at the USAF Academy
thanks for pointing that out, but do you disagree with his conclusions ?
Any books written by pilots that are factual accounts should be good. Ideally not to technical – although thats not always easy to disern.
Clancy was never in the military AFAIK and his stories are for fictional entertainment value to people with limited interest in the subject.
Some books – like the Osprey ones and Yefim Gordons are very technical and are not easy reading unless you get excited by things like: why AIM-4Ds were rubbish etc.
The biogs seem to be easier reads – One book that is not a biog but quite a nice read is Sea harrier over the Falklands by Nigel Ward (801 NAS commander). He explains quite a lot about the war and his sorties etc (from his point of view) – but his character makes it all very interesting.For vids check out the Dogfights series on History channel (most are on youTube now). Although the narration is a bit off they are still enactments of actual engagements.
If you are after actual ACT and BFM manuals there are some on the web – just a case of finding them – check old threads at combat flight sim sites – you have to try and learn the same things in those 🙂
I do like Yefim gordon and osprey books a lot and have most for the relevent time period.I also like World airpower journal series, other authors I refer to are Bill Gunston, Jon Lake , steven zaloga and Anthony thornborough.Tom Cooper is also a great modern source esp his online discussion forum gives a wealth of information.Many other sources are all in russian unfortunately.
I would keep an eye out for these manuals thanks !
^ e.g regarding the Bekee valley incident I remember reading a article by one rebecca grant
http://airbase.ru/users/rohan/files/0602bekaa.pdf
in which she claimed that the “latest soviet weaponry of the cold war was trounced” even though a more realistic assessment of the battle was made by a US airforce officer here http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj89/win89/hurley.html
So nastle have you found anything useful yet regarding your original question
?
yes thanks some replies were useful
Are you looking for something to help you in a flight sim – or was it general curiosity?
just general curosity, I was always fascinated with 80s aircombat and the ultimate form of it was NATO-WP
You might have concluded by now that combat greater than 1v1 in this period even on a training ground involves a lot of dynamic variables – there is no easy answer. Many pilots and training institutions spent many man hours looking at and coming up with ways to beat opponents – but these tactics would have to change and adapt as technology available to both sides improved
.
Indeed.
But its a comforting thought and it makes you realize how wrong most pundits of aircombat ala tom clancy could be wrong.Esp certain “analyist” who attempted to draw some ridiculous conclusions from the middle east and south asian conflicts regarding any future NATO-WP engagement
Would you recommend any good sources about 80s era air combat ?
The better choice is to stay fast and take shots of opportunity (shots that present themselves to the pilot where he has to do little to no maneuvering to set up the trigger pull). Using this idea, the pilot will keep his speed up and make dashes through the “furball” looking for the easy shot. Whether he does this alone or with a wingman is up to the ROE of the flight leader.
In these kinds of engagements, it’s really helpful to have another set of eyes in the cockpit. It is also possible to have this come from AWACS or GCI in some cases
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Thats what I read from a Bill Gunston’s book as well !
as far as shots of opportunity is concerned it was always better to have “fire and forget” AAMs.Unfortunately in the 80s there were none except the AIM-54, but how did the IR homing versions of R-27 and R-40 work ? did they need to be guided all the way to the target too ? or did they function like other smaller IR homing missiles
The problem is that every encounter with a MiG-25 bar 1 in 1991 results in a MiG-25 humiliation – but thats to be expected it was never designed to take on fighters and was totally outclassed it seems by the avionics and airframes of the the F-14/15 in every way.
I have no doubt that the F-14/AIM-54 combination was vastly superior to the Mig-25 in range, agility and quality of AAMs.But the other incidents mentioned are usually 1 vs 1 or 2 vs 2 combats, here the Mig-25 will definately be at a disadvantage.In larger regiment sized formations how do you think F-4/F-16/F-15s would have handled Mig-25PD/PDS so easily ?
Now in the late 70s period againt thousands of Soviet MiGs/Sus in a cold war scenario – they would be merging all over the place with or without very sound team work tactics. Early pulse doppler radars, and the missiles – rear aspect AIM-9G/J only and AIM-7Fs. Say for example your flight of 4 picks up 4 MiGs – maybe ID’d using whatever version of Combat tree used then – anyway you each pick a target and launch an AIM-
Thanks for the detailed replies,
in the late 70s to mid 80s there are also thousands of mig-23/25 planes, 2000 MF/ML and 600 Mig-25 fighters which although poor dogfighters are equipped with BVR missiles and relatively modern avionics and blessed with good speed and straight line accelaration.
How do you think the soviets would have employed them ? obviously the IA-PVO machines would be tied mostly for interception of high value targets but these planes could also be used effectively in “shoot and scoot” missions IMHO.In large numbers their impact would be significant, esp when they enjoy a nearly 2 to 1 superority over similar NATO planes.( mid 80s figures from MB 1986)
They could disrupt the cohesion of NATO strike packages or if employed offensively keep the NATO interceptors busy while the WP strike planes get through.Do you think that if used appropriatly i.e only for shoot and scoot missions and slashing attacks the mig-23/25 would have better survivability ? They would rely primarily on their speed accelartion and ECM. I believe so since NATO in that time period lacks a true fire n forget ARH missile.As long as Mig-23/25 use their speed and BVR missiles and stay out of range of IR weapons the have a chance even if they score few kills.
What are your views ?
Total num
but in 1 vs 1 , 2 vs 2 combats that might still be possible, but when dozens of aircraft are involved in intricately planned operations is it practical to have such classic dogfights ?
is the R-33 a active radar homing weapon or only SARH ?
^ compared to lower altitudes
i am not saying its highly manuverable at all
I know, but on the other hand NEZ at such high altitude for almost non maneuvering target should be quite large…;)
Isnt the Mig-31 gonna be a little more maneuverable at high altitude ?
How good is the Zaslon radar of Mig-31, is it very prone to jamming ?
Just to put a few things in perspective:
- MiG-31 versus F-15A: The MiG-31 has a clear advantage at long ranges.
- At medium ranges, the odds are largely similar: The R33 has a better punch, but the F-15 retains a better ability to dodge a missile.
- At short ranges, even at supersonic speeds (M<2) the MiG-31 is meat if it accepts a fight (instead – much smarter – use its superior acceleration at high Mach to simply run).
Versus the F-14A, the odds are even at long ranges. The MiG-31 might win a few miles missile range by flying faster and higher, but the F-14 could escape the engagement zone. Additionally, the ARH-final guidance of the AIM54 allows the F-14 to fire and then turn away. Of course, that increases the chance that the AIM54 misses as mid-course guidance is lost.
At medium and short ranges the F-14 is superior.If multiple aircraft are involved (likely) or any side has AWACS or ground-based radar available, the whole situation is pretty much unpredictable. I would credit the MiG-31 some advantages as the superior supersonic range can be used for tactical maneuvers. However, this always increases the chance of close distance encounters, which – as said – is not a good playground for a 40t fighter.
Finally:
The MiG-31 is a very good design for its mission, but it is not a good value-for-money contender for a fight against fast fighters.
Thanks Schorsch for a balanced post !
May I add another thing, if the F-15 has to dodge one R-33 at a time it would likely be successful 100% of the time, however if it has to dodge 4 missles at a time the chances of a hit increases considrably.The ECM and Radar power of the 2 fighters also has to be compared as most likely the engagements would be BVR.
In this scenario I did not mean to suggest that the Mig-31 will prevail everytime far from it, my personal $ 0.02 is that most of these engagements will likely be inconclusive since both are high performing fighters but Mig-31s in the pre-AIM-120 era can seriously disrupt offensive and defensive operations by AIM-7 equipped F-15A/C if the MiGs are available in sufficent numbers since they can engage and disengage at will and will prove very hard to shoot down.