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aurcov

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  • aurcov
    Participant

    Spud – That’s an interesting but odd description of how EO-DAS works.

    I’d have thought it would be rather difficult for the units to detect and track separately, given the whole point of the claims made for DAS is that it can continuously track all targets within range (and thereby, for instance, retain the position of other flight members).

    So how do separate units do this when the platform is maneuvering vigorously (or as vigorously as it can) and the targets are all passing through multiple EO-DAS sensor fields of view inside a second?

    In that kind of timespan, where a target is inside FOV for under a second and the background (the IR world is a noisy place) is also dynamic, how does an independent EO-DAS have time to process out false alarms and establish a track?

    If those targets are far enough (40-50 km) away, even if they fly fast and maneuver violently, this only means a few deg. There will be no problem. However, in an interview, a NG guy (former F 15 pilot) said that even in the dogfight, where the ennemy plane is close, so a turn means instant separation, the EODAS keeps tracking.

    You would, I think, need a central EO-DAS processor, but does not that run counter to the rest of the architecture?

    Not necessary. Go to NG site and you ‘ll see that they are offering a EODAS-based system fore ship protection. This means that they can “isolate” this software partition. As a side-note — I wonder if they would sell it for fighters 🙂 (other than the F 35)

    Aurcov – I’m not saying you can’t detect subpixel targets. And of course range depends on energy versus background (quite sensitive looking up from 30,000 feet, able to see 3000 lbs/sec of LOX and RP co-altitude at 800 mi).

    That’s why I mention that it was a three-stage rocket. However, there is a NG clip on youtube, showing how the DAS locate a couple of A-A targets, and than the EOTS identify them. Considering the capabilities of Sniper (the EOTS is based on), one can evaluate the EODAS detected the target at > 80 km and cued the EOTS for identification.

    This is where the EODAS/EOTS combination is lethal. The EODAS sensors detects the target, cue the EOTS; this one will identify it. It resolve the problem that one poster mention it, that an “normal” IRTS can track (small FOV) at longer distances than it can detect (max FOV).

    Now look at it the other way: Suppose I can really see everything in the sky for 800 miles… but in a completely two-dimensional way with no range information? Can we say “clutter”, mes enfants?

    The sensors would not “see everything in the sky”, but only IR targets. As odd it might seems, there are not too many things flying around and having a high skin temperature (like a fighter fuselage) of even a higher one (engine or AA missile)…

    aurcov
    Participant

    @ aurcov

    And then again: yes with a right lens…

    what mostly does the good image is the optical part (lens), not the sensor that is behind

    You missunderstend tha DAS — it does not have lenses. In fact, it does not have magnification, but OTOH it has 60 deg. (solid) FOV. With 6 you have spherical coverage.

    aurcov
    Participant

    My unaided eyes can track Moon at 380,000 kms distance.
    From the pics it looks like DDM-NG can easily track Sirius at 8 light years distance.
    Guess that’s much better than EODAS 1,300 km, isn’t it?

    What exactly are these figures good for except a pathetic comparison contest?

    Your post shows that you do not read all the post; this discution started when LO said (and it’s not the first time) that the resolution of EODAS is less than a cellphone camera…

    aurcov
    Participant

    One thing: That missile was ICBM. So standard telescope you can buy in any store should suffice.

    Wrong, it was even bigger — a rocket launcing a satelite from Cape Canaveral, Fl.

    Than again, your Iphone/Galaxy, can do this? 😀

    aurcov
    Participant

    Spud – Try to stay current. There is no published IOC target for the Block 2B. Not even the Marines are stating a date now.

    If JAS 39E remains on schedule, something that the Swedes have an annoying propensity for accomplishing, it will be in service before Block 3F.

    There are no grounds for assuming that because a capability is not on the (short) public list of major items missing from 2B/3I versus 3F, that capability will be operational on 2B. So assuming that MALD or EODAS will be fully operational on 2B is not justified.

    EODAS is physically constrained to about one-half the resolution of a cellphone camera. (Do the math – megapixel sensor and field-of-regard.) From what I have seen in the literature, there are some basic challenges in the way of increasing the pixel density of an IR FPA, and increasing the size of the FPA in EODAS would be difficult.

    :p Not the same c**p again, please!

    So, using my Iphone, I can track (not only detect, but track) a missile at 1,300 km, as EODAS did :p

    aurcov
    Participant

    To take some claims serious they should not be twisted in the desired way.
    The Rafale C is smaller and lighter compared to the F-35A and by that for smaller installed thrust = fuel consumption and still gives a similar thrust ratio. For range capability we have to look to the related fuel ratios (netto=internal) and (brutto= incl. max ET). For max combat range we can assume the need of max flight performance at ~ half way of max distant covered in general.
    Here the modern fighter with ETs has the advantage. At subsonic cruise to the target the claimed extra drag from modern ETs do no really matter. When dropped near the real mission target a Rafale is less draggier than the still bulky F-35A. To stay serious the internal weapons-load gives not a better range capability, just the opposite as all the fighter designs show. It is a penalty to get the desired LO capability.

    Really? Someone posted the polar graph of an F 16, showing the impact of parasit drag on speed. A clean F 16 can go 1.05M in dry thrust. Add a couple of bombs and one EFT and the max. speed in dry thust drops to 0.6M. A 40% degradation in perfomances with ONE EFT ! If the F 16 pilot wants to fly at 0.7 M he must use the AB…

    aurcov
    Participant

    No, the 673 nm IS long “loiter time”. Look at the executive summary. But be warned, it includes text and stuff and as a consequence I highly doubt you will understand it.

    My bad. What I meant is that 673 nm (728nm) can be trade for a shorter distance and a couple of hours of patroll.

    This is the air patrol configuration: http://www.saabgroup.com/PageFiles/29517/Saab_Gripen_INDIA%202008%20%20feb%20page%2007C%20left.jpg

    This is whishfull thinking. If the NG could go 712 nm and 30 min. on station with only 2 EFTs, they would have mentioned it. More likely 3. Again, it has only 800 kg of fuel over the C/D.

    aurcov
    Participant

    Moon_light , if the F-35 detects the Rafale at 160km , the Rafale will detect the APG-81 before that .

    :p… Or it was not a joke?

    If you believe the RCS numbers that we have (?) , a missile like the Meteor would lock by itself onto a F-22 at 8-10km max .

    My friend, an RBE would’t lock onto an F35 at 10 km…

    aurcov
    Participant

    No.

    http://theaviationist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/df_3030_neuburg_18-07-12.jpg

    And those F-22 kills weren’t from Red Flag too.

    In real life, an EF (w or w/o Pirate) wouldn’t survive against an F 22.

    aurcov
    Participant

    According to the source: http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckBlogId=Blog:27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog:27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post:193f1ee3-bac2-4a8d-b0b0-c42c84351a6a

    This pic only lists the weapon systems and avionics.
    http://sitelife.aviationweek.com/ver1.0/Content/images/store/12/13/7cd7ee38-f714-4c48-bdae-a6c2be6f81e2.medium.jpg

    In the same summary they state that the range is 610nm with 2x900lbs missiles. If we include 15 min on station (yes, as always im generous) we get close to 670 nm x 2 for total range. And that is congruent with this:

    :p Bill Sweetman is your source? Only Bill could say that a surveillance mission consist in “a drop below the cloudbase to ID a maritime target”, when the presentation clarly says that “Unlike legacy fighters, weapons may be carried internally to greatly reduce observability and drag for increased range and persistence, leading to longer loiter time without detection – ideal for surveillance in the High North area.”

    Lightly armed with drop tanks (in plural) the F35 can fly a total distance of 1456nm while Gripen NG with 2 drop tanks and heavier weapons load can fly over 1670nm and the Rafale over 2000nm.

    Again, you don’t understsand the difference between various mission profiles. First of all, you don’t double the combat radius to obtain the ferry range. Second, the 673 Nm combat radius includes “long loiter time”. For a simple A-A mission (fly in , 1 min. to fire the missiles, fly out) the radius is 750 Nmiles.

    Also, do you have a source for the number of EFTs on gripen? You keep saying 2. In all the SAAB presentation (Norway, Netherlands) they don’t mention the number of EFT. Ex: “combat radius 4 RR +2IR with ext. fuel =1300 km (712 nm)”. If you have a source that this is achieved with just 2 tanks, please show us. BTW, I wonder what would be the impact of the huge 480 gal tanks on a midget plane like the gripen…

    Oh, I almost forgot. The actual F35 range (since they missed the range requirement) is under 1’395nm.

    Nope. It;s true that:

    Based on updated estimate of engine bleed, the existing Conventional Takeoff and Landing Variant’s Combat Radius prediction of 584 nautical miles (nm) is below the threshold of 590 nm.

    However,

    But programme officials are also debating whether to change how the range of the F-35A is calculated, the source said. The equation does not include a buffer margin of 5% of fuel capacity, which is intended to be preserved through the end of the flight test period in 2016. Eliminating the buffer margin adds another 72.4km to the aircraft’s combat radius, the source said

    Read more: http://defensetech.org/2011/05/13/f-35a-combat-radius-fails-to-meet-minimum-requirement/#ixzz2KHxrxFly
    Defense.org

    That would be 39 Nm added to the 584. Or a total of 623 nm. And this mission profile is with 2 x2000lbs + 2 AIM 120, and includes 15 min. of air combat (before dropping tha bombs!) including “AB usage”

    aurcov
    Participant

    @ Moon_light ,

    F-35 can take up to 18,000 lb (8,100 kg) of payload , Rafale up to 21,000 lb (9,500 kg) .
    F-35 empty weight : 29,300 lb (13,300 kg)
    Rafale empty weight : 21,500 lb (9,770 kg)

    Rafale is smaller than F-35 , lighter , still it carries more payload further away than F-35 and probably faster too .
    How do you explain that ? :diablo:

    Cheers .

    The Rafale won’t carry more payload than an F 35.

    First, let me remind you that max. combat load is a theoretical number, never reached in real life — it’s like the 2M max. speed (never used in reality); OTOH, it’s true that it gives an idea about the real combat load.

    About the F 35 vs. Rafale: don’t forget that Rafale holds ~ 4.9 t of fuel, F 35 ~ 8.3 tons. This means that the rafale always has EFTs (2 or 3, or even 5 according to the figure that moonlight posted). Let’s say that it goes with 2 x 2000 l. The jet fuel has a desity between 0.75 an 0.85 kg/l. Let’s consider 0.8. This means 3.2 tons of fuel to be subtracted from the 9.7 tons. This actually leave only 6.5 tons. Less than the F 35.

    aurcov
    Participant

    (i) Old LM commercial statement

    Wrong. An LM executive quoted a TAC Browler simulation made by USAF, not LM.

    (ii) which external tanks? (3 is a number, doesnt precise which size)

    If you are refering to the comparison, I don’t know -probably USAF considered the EFTs normally used by those fighters. However, even they hold 300 gallons, 400 gallons or 480 gallons, they destroy the fighter’s kinematic qualities; also, one can count only on ~ 60 % of their capacity, the other 40 % will barrelly compenasate for the increased drag.

    (iii) CFT POSSIBLY to be inducted on Typhoon tranche 3, and are said available on Rafale for export customers (at least we know aerodynamics were tested)

    Irellevant, considering the reduction in defense budgets in western countries. If USAF could afford the 700 F 22, we won’t arguing about F 35 now.

    (v) LM recently lowered specs for F35, specially acceleration

    Yes, but the desired combat radius was achieved: 613 Nmiles> 600 Nmiles (KPP). And extra 8 sec. in acceleration, over the projected figure, for the F 35 A is not a big deal

    aurcov
    Participant

    There is no such thing as ‘IR stealth’, certainly not for an airplane that is supersonic. For subsonic flights low emissivity coatings and means to lower the signature of the exhaust reduces signature, but it not on the level which can be called stealthy.

    If your comment was for my post, you notice that I said IR “stealth”. The quotation mark (” “) was there for a pourpose. I meant measures for reduction of IR signature present on F 35.

    aurcov
    Participant

    Everyone uses a safety margin close to 5%.

    I gave you the exagerated claims while carrying 2 Aim120 and 2 GBU12 (500 pund bombs).

    Nope. The distance (600 Nmiles) that LM allegedly did not achieve, is for 2 x 2000 lbs. The 673 Nmiles (728 Nmiles) is for another flight profile.

    Did you notice the “or total distance 1’456n.mi“? Yes, in the event the F35 could deliver as promised it could fly as far as 1456n.mi in total (and keep 5% for the landing). That is a 728nm “combat radius”.

    Again this is for another flight profile, namely “surveillance mission”. This usually means 2-3 hours. So, there is 673 Nmiles + a coulpe of hours.

    The Gripen E, a very small fighter, with 2 drop tanks and 6 missiles on the other hand will reach over 1670 nm when counting the exact same way. (1300km*2+500km)/1,85.

    3 EFT, nor 2.

    Gripen C wasnt designed to be a long range fighter. Im talking about the E version and comparing it o an F35 with several drop tanks (2) where the F35 shines at its bestest range performance.

    Yeah, the 800 kg extra fuel on gripen E will double its radius :p

    For the same flight profile, thew F 35 without EFTs has a bigger combat radius that a gripen (be it C or E) with 3 EFTs.

    Well, the others are also stealth in IR. But the fact still is that one is larger, has higher drag and burns more fuel than the other two. If all three systems have similar IR-signature management built in from the start than logic says the smaller ones in this case should be more stealthy as they also have lower drag with weapons on board.

    You can do the math yourself if you assume the same skin temperature. Its simple trigonometry. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions

    If can’t apply simple trigonometric function of IR VLO calculations; for radars, a tenfold decrease in RCS (which is very difficult for any non-US company) it will reduce the radar detction range by only 25 %. BTW what are the “others” that are also stealth in IR?

    aurcov
    Participant

    I simply count fuel fraction. Despite having the most energy efficient engine the F35 has among the highest fuel fractions among jets.

    And for the skin temperature… if you only supercruise to the CAP area and then go into subsonic loitering @ altitude the jet will cool down pretty rapidly.

    You can count on it.
    How many pixels do you define as an identified target (need to fill >50% of the pixel to be valid)? (FOI counts 6 pixels across as an identified object)
    According to the tan and sin/cos calculations, how much does it change the distance?
    Head on a clean F35 is about 50-70% larger in cross section than a lightly armed Gripen.

    http://sitelife.aviationweek.com/ver1.0/Content/images/store/11/4/8b64135d-310d-4106-8400-6f51f8d22a4d.Large.jpg
    This is exagerated by 10-16% since the F35A struggles to have a combat radius of 584nm and the F35C doesnt go further than 615nm on internal fuel. If it is true that the F35 with external tanks (in plural) can reach 728nm it would be ~1350km radius, if we remove the lost range on internal fuel we get 1185-1243km depending on version.

    So I was actually pretty generous in my assumption of the range performance and gave the F35 80-135 km extra, as I always do to avoid hurting anyones feelings.

    Just to give better understanding of how Lockheed measures combat radius…
    http://sitelife.aviationweek.com/ver1.0/Content/images/store/12/13/7cd7ee38-f714-4c48-bdae-a6c2be6f81e2.Large.jpg

    The combat radius of 600 Nmiles was for an F 35 with 2×2000 lbs JDAMs and it involves 15 minutes of combat, incl. AB usage. BTW, LM din not “strugle” with the combat radius. It is true that the range was only 584 Nmiles, but LM kept a safety margin of 5 %, so the actual radius is 613 Nmiles.

    As Djcross alreday mentioned, mission profile should be considered. Check this:

    Discussing maximum mission radius, Mazanowski presented an air-to-air mission profile in which all the aircraft took off with a weapon load, remained at high altitude and returned after about a minute of combat. All but the F-35 and Su-30MKI were carrying three external fuel tanks.

    Under this scenario, the Rafale had a maximum mission radius of 896 n miles, the F/A-18 816 n miles, the F-35 751 n miles, the Eurofighter 747 n miles, the Su-30MKI 728 n miles and the Gripen 502 n miles

    http://forum.keypublishing.co.uk/showthread.php?t=88277

    So, only the Rafale and Superhornet outrange an F 35, but with 3 EFTs!

    As for head-on IR detection, LM and USAF constantly said that the jet is “stealth” in IR too.

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