@1) The first operational night fighter radar was FuG 202 “Lichtenstein BC” on Me110’s (1.5kw impulse at 490MHz). The display was divided into 3 displays of 8cm diameter: (i) target distance (ii) relative height deviation (iii) relative sideways deviation. The WSO gave the pilot directions, but no real blind firing took place, since the pilot had to accquire the target visually (exhaust flames and the smell of exhaust gas) or with an IR scope, then he usually fired from well under a hundred meters. The other way was to bring the night-fighter on a head-on course with the help of the radar (and ground-based radar operators) and fire with automatically triggered upward-firing quad 20mm guns when passing under the bomber at high speed.
@2) No. The German T5 “Zaunkoenig” (= wren) used accustic homing.
@3) Enemy convois: SIGINT, aerial reccon, other subs, spys on land. Enemy vessels: binoculars from the sub or from high above on a “Bachstelze” towed gyroplane. Own position: stellar navigation, plotting like any other vessel. Radar: some had, but only navigational, not for accquiring targets
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