The point is that the faster the object is travelling the less a single g means as it takes more gs to change course than if you were travelling slower. Of course high speed also means that the interception problem is greater. If you try to intercept an object where it is now your interception missile will be where the missile was when your interception missile was launched but of course the target wont be there any more. To intercept you obviously have to extrapolate the targets position based on whether it is climbing or diving, turning left or right and of course its speed. Knowing how fast your missiles are you can work out where the target will be when your missiles get there. It might be 500m in front of a subsonic target, or 1.5km in front of a supersonic target. The point is that the faster the target flys the further ahead you have to aim. And of course a subsonic missile can turn much harder than a supersonic missile, but in effect because the Supersonic missile travels faster the area it could have moved to is much greater. This is an enormous problem for unguided projectiles as with CIWS like Phalanx or Goalkeeper, and is still a serious problem for guided interceptors like Sparrow or Klinok.
Do you know at what distance from the target the Sunburn starts evasive maneuvering?
Cheers,
Sunho
Sunburn is said to be capable of making a 15G terminal manoeuver. If true, how much distance would the missile move from target axis while making this 15G turn?
Chreers,
Sunho
Matter of fact, any jet flying over mach 1 is a supersonic target. AIM-7 was designed to deal with such targets. Where you referring to a specific sub-class of supersonic targets (i.e. a Mach 2+ SSM)?
Yes. More specifically, I am looking for NATO Sea Sparrow’s test records against MQM-8 Vandal, AQM-37 and MA-31 supersonic targets.
Cheers,
Sunho
RIM-7R, which was essentially RIM-7P with an IR seeker, was tested against supersonic targets in the late 1990’s.
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/budget/fy1997/dot-e/navy/97rim7r.html
“TEST & EVALUATION ACTIVITY
OPEVAL, which began in August 1996 with missile firings by a destroyer, USS ELLIOTT (DD 967), had to be conducted in two phases due to slow missile deliveries. OPEVAL was continued in November 1996 with a different destroyer, USS MERRILL (DD 976), with five RIM-7R missiles (two were refurbished missiles that had experienced misfires during the first phase). Both supersonic and subsonic targets were used, including an actual ASCM, as insisted upon by DOT&E. Testing was conducted in accordance with a DOT&E-approved TEMP and test plan. Testing was observed by DOT&E staff and representatives. Analysis of FY96 OT results was not complete when the FY97 Annual Report went to press. Accordingly, the following assessment also addresses those results.”
However, because of the missile’s short range, the supersonic target had to be self-destructed by command to prevent it from hitting the test ship.
“TEST & EVALUATION ASSESSMENT
Significant limitations included the following: (1) Targets did not fully represent the threat in terms of size and shape, speed, altitude, radar cross section, IR signature, and ECM characteristics; (2) Crew alertment more closely resembled that of a ship with warning of imminent missile attack than that for normal wartime steaming; (3) Testing the short range Sea Sparrow against supersonic targets with a manned ship required balancing realism of the simulated threat presentation with ship safety, resulting in target flight paths that differed from that of an expected threat, as well as command destruction of supersonic targets when they reached a specified range from the ship; (4) The limited number of RIM-7R missiles precluded reengagement of surviving targets and the use of multiple missile salvoes in most scenarios and, missile capability (retention) was not examined against diving targets and in a complex ECM environment;”
RIM-7R did not enter mass production probably because even better ESSM was coming along.
Cheers,
Sunho
http://www.chosun.bemil.com Yoo Yong Won’s Military World
CG of South Korean FFX model from an unidentified source.
[snip]
The ship’s sensors are mainly Korean products, ranging from hull-mounted ASW sonar that want into development not too long ago and a TASS. Several versions of the 3D radar is being considering, including the MFR on K-MSAM system and enlarged version of the 3D pencil-beam radar developed for the PKM-X. The ship’s combat system is rumored to be improved version of PKM-X anyway.
Fire control radars for the gun seems missing. The radar on the mast might be able to spot splashes but STIR-type fire control radars would still be needed. Of course if we go for a Herakles-style MFR, we won’t need them any more.
Cheers,
Sunho
im looking for information about us and uk carrier excersises int he 1970s mainly involveing the ark royal. did our aircraft cross deck at all who did better pics and videos would be helpful
Yes they did cross-decking. Check out the Helicopter Service Australia site below.
http://www.helicopterservice.com.au/gallery/phantom/gallery-phantom.htm
Below is the thread about RN vs. USN carrier exercises in the 1970’s I started in sci.military.naval six years ago.
Link to sci.military.naval discussion
Cheers,
Sunho
according to elbit the EL/M-2248 active array radar system can be qualitfy as “mini-aegis” Elbit is cuurently marketing the radar to indan navy.
is there picture of the radar system?
I do have an artist impression of Saar 5 with EL/M-2248 MF-STAR. I can send it to you if you give your mail address.
Sunho
I’m not sure that it is exactly correct but I heard from someone that he told me the prices of AEGIS system.
SPY-1D : $350,000,000
SPY-1F : $300,000,000
The numbers look like pure speculation. Does SPY-1F’s $300,000,000 include development costs and after sales support? We don’t know. Unless we know exact terms and conditions it’s almost impossible to compare prices.
BTW, we paid at least $267,447,827 for combat systems engineering, computer program development, ship integration and test support while the Norwegians spent $38,700,000 for computer program development.
The announcements below are from the US DoD’s site.
No. 644-00
October 19, 2000
CONTRACTS
NAVY
Lockheed Martin-Naval Electronics and Surveillance Systems, Moorestown, N.J., is being awarded a $38,700,000 cost-plus-fixed-fee contract for computer program development for the Norwegian new frigate program. The contract will provide for the development and delivery of a computer program that will be integrated into an AEGIS-derived SPY-1F based weapon system. The computer program will be adapted, designed and tested in accordance with a modified AEGIS combat system engineering process. This contract is for the government of Norway under the foreign military sales program. Work will be performed in Moorestown, N.J., and is expected to be completed by March 2006. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was not competitively procured. The Naval Sea Systems Command, Arlington, Va., is the contracting activity (N00024-00-C-5147).
——————–
No. 397-03
June 6, 2003
CONTRACTS
NAVY
Lockheed Martin, Naval Electronics and Surveillance Systems, Moorestown, N.J., is being awarded a $267,447,827 cost-plus-award-fee letter contract for Aegis weapon system engineering in support of the Republic of Korea foreign military sales program. The Republic of Korea competitively selected the U.S. Navy/Lockheed Martin Aegis combat system (ACS) for its KDX-III shipbuilding program. The requirements include the necessary combat systems engineering, computer program development, ship integration and test support to deliver a variant of the U.S. Navy Aegis weapon system Baseline 7 Phase I computer program and equipment to support the construction of the first Korean ship in the KDX-III class. In addition, this contract funds an integrated test team to assist the Korean shipyard in performing installation and testing of the ACS. Work will be performed in Moorestown, N.J. (62%); Falls Church, Va. (12%); Korea (10%); Norway (10%); and Washington, D.C. (1%), and is expected to be completed by December 2008. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The contract was not competitively procured. The Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, D.C., is the contracting activity (N00024-03-C-5102).
At one point they tried putting AIM-7 Sparrows and AIM-9 Sidewinders on the SH-2 Seasprite LAMPS for trials in air defense for its parent ship.Needless to say,this was never used routinely.
I posted about it on sci.military.naval six years ago and got a response from the author of ELECTRONIC GREYHOUNDS: THE SPRUANCE-CLASS DESTROYERS. It was not for air defence because the intended targets were Russian missile boats.
See below.
Newsgroups: sci.military.naval
From: Mike Potter
Date: 1999/12/25
Subject: Re: LAMPS armed with AIM-7 Sparrows
My book ELECTRONIC GREYHOUNDS: THE SPRUANCE-CLASS DESTROYERS (Naval Institute Press, 1995) covers these experiments. The intended targets were Russian missile boats. The large forward-aimed radar displaced the SH-2 Seasprite helicopter’s co-pilot. Upon missile launch the helicopter’s inherently slow speed kept it inside the rocket motor’s flaming exhaust plume, which seared through plastic fittings including the windshield and instantly filled the cockpit with opaque smoke. The test pilot, my source, “thought the aircraft had exploded and this was the end. Time got slow. After a while I thought, ‘It still seems to be flying.'”
Sunho Beck wrote:
> I found an interesting article about early LAMPS development in Norman
> Friedman’s _U.S. Destroyers_.
>
> On page 283
> ‘The manned helicopter presented far greater possibilities, however. For
> example, in 1968 attention was beginning to be paid Soviet antiship
> missiles. It was suggested that LAMPS might carry, as an alternative to
> ASW weapons, a pair of Sparrow air-to-air missiles plus radar and other
> avionics.’
> [snip]
> ‘Although the Sparrow was tested, it was not made a standard weapon.’
Cheers,
Sunho
The Royal Navy has had a AEW version of the sea king helicopter for many years, tasked with AEW for the carrier groups. Here are some images.
http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/seaking/images/seaking2.jpg
Sea King AEW has never operated from destroyers or frigates. The shipborne helicopter I am talking about is a “typical” one that is deployed on destroyers and frigates. Like Lynx or Seahawk.
Cheers,
Sunho
Navy isn’t considering SPY-1F at all, according to the representatives in Marine Week 2005.
APAR or Sea APAR seems to be likewise out.
A simple system like SMART-S MkII might be being considered. Another option is the navalized system of the KM-SAM system under developement right now. Though the system isn’t deployed yet, the naval version of the radar is being developed right alongside the SAM system with the company’s research funding. The radar itself is said to be quite capable.
Actually ADD issued an RFP for a SMART-like multibeam radar study project on 7th September. If chosen for full scale development, we may see this multibeam radar on FFX frigates and additional KDX-IIs.
Northrop Grumman is proposing SPQ-9B/SYS-2(V) for FFX and an enlarged version of Nex1Future’s 3D radar for PKX is also a contender.
Cheers,
Sunho
it is part of russian mineral-me i already posted a image of what radar actually looks like and it was exactly similar to the image of 052c’s radar before the dome was installed.
Is it this one?
Thanks in advance,
Sunho
K-CIWS is a developement of Goalkeeper, a system in service with the KDX destroyers and the LPX, that’s what he’s saying I believe. K-CIWS is aiming for the FFX program, a light-weight littoral frigate to replace all the Dong Hae, Pohang and Ulsan class ships.
Yes that’s what I meant. Those on KDX destroyers and the LPX are the original Goalkeeper made by Thales Nederland. The K-CIWS is for FFX frigates.
Regards,
Sunho
What radars are fitted to the two new Danish Flexible Support Ships of the Absalon class?
I dont seem to be able to find any info.
Or are they still waiting for the down-select decision for the three smaller OPV type ships?
Thanks in advance for any info.
One SMART-S Mk2 air search radar and two Ceros 200 fire control radars for each ship.
http://www.thales-nederland.nl/nl/news/archive/2005/sep14-2005.shtml
http://www.thales-nederland.nl/nl/news/archive/2004/jan26-2004.shtml
Does the Formidable design ring a bell mate?
Some posters in the link below say Daewoo DW-5500D (export name of KDX-II) design is being offered. I guess Thales provides sensors and combat system for the ship and overall project management as well.
http://www.network54.com/Forum/thread?forumid=242808&messageid=1126538982&lp=1127164172