Fraud is a strong word

But appropriate.

If the supplier is knowingly not delivering parts or materials that meet or exceed specification, then they are guilty of fraud.

Airliners and other non-sport aircraft seem to be immune to any “let’s make it look ‘cool’ ” school of thought.
Besides, airlines seem to only judge aircraft by their bottom line, not design lines.

If that were true, there wouldn’t be the current fad with composites for PSEs where they are wholly inappropriate when used as a “black metal”.

[Next gen composites with CNF in the resin will be a different ballgame, but the current crop should have been largely bypassed.]

i dont get it , even at the first turn because the target is constantly moving at significant speed then angle will change constantly how is it even possible to triangulate ?

Because you know your speed and your heading.

You can predict where the target should be relative to you if it were stationary and then work from there calculating the difference.

This is ongoing continuously*, with a greater time period the refinement of the target location becomes better and better.

*its not a case of look now… wait 20 seconds and look again. If the target aircraft makes a manoeuvre when you are in steady level flight, the ECM system will register the adjustment in bearing-change rate and factor the ongoing calculations accordingly.

can you explain how ? like the principal of the method

Its just geometrics. There isn’t much more to it.

Old ESM couldn’t do it as they didn’t have the memory to retain enough “historical” data and didn’t have enough processing power to build the track from that.

Taking your diagram, if you do one turn, you can locate a stationary target after x seconds to triangulate.

If you do a second turn, you can plot the track of a moving target* given a further y seconds. [Note that in doing this, the ESM will realise its original estimation for the target location was wrong, but will use the data as a basis for calculating the track. From which comes speed, range and altitude.]

*assuming that the target is on a constant track at a constant speed.

If the target is maneuvering, then it becomes more complex, thus requiring more time… but its still far from impossible.

Obviously companies will have a huge amount of data on recent developments on file. But some can be quite bold in publicising their advanced R&D concepts. MBDA regularly holds exhibitions to publicise many of the future concepts it is studying.

Processes, tools and data.

Concepts don’t matter a crap – anyone can dream.

do you think it possible for an ESM system ( RWR ) on an aircraft to determine range and speed of an enemy aircraft ?

Of course it is!

Not with a second of tracking data, but given a reasonable time frame and choice manoeuvres from the sensing aircraft it is absolutely 100% possible.

Anyone that thinks otherwise is totally brain-dead and should be utterly ignored forthwith.

If it regarded an important engineering aspect

This doesn’t.

[But your answer is in general the right thing to do. You are obviously not as naive as you appear in some of the threads.]