Ask Indonesia how it felt when they were could stop using the hawk (and f16?). US weapons were nice but there are more alternatives these days. I do like the part about US promising aid but then selling for triple prices… If you don;t obey in the future then you are left alone. That doesn’t sound promising for both India and Pakistan. Somehow I had to laugh while looking at JSF in IAF colours. Reminded me of the AMRAAM at ideas Pakistan. Hot air.

MKI at the moment…

We should not forget the f6, f5 and f7…. All from russia and china did build them a lot…

most intresting from reuters….

By Carol Giacomo and Caroline Drees
WASHINGTON (Reuters) – Pakistan would not object to India buying American-made F-16s if Islamabad is also permitted to acquire the sophisticated fighter jets, Pakistan’s ambassador to Washington said on Friday.

“As long as we are on the list for F-16s, it’s all right if India gets them,” Ambassador Jehangir Karamat told Reuters.

“We wouldn’t have any problem because we have no problem with India buying defense equipment worldwide. We are no longer in an arms race with them,” he said of Pakistan’s South Asian nuclear rival.

The comments seemed designed to open new political possibilities for advancing Pakistan’s stalled 15-year quest for the F-16 fighters and to strike a contrast with India, which has opposed the sale to Islamabad.

But U.S. officials said India’s interest may not be serious and complicates Bush administration decision-making.

Pakistan is a key U.S. ally in the war on terrorism and India is a key U.S. market and technology partner.

“We don’t want to create an arms race with our own sales in South Asia,” one U.S. official said, speaking anonymously.

But Karamat, former chairman of Pakistan’s Joint Chiefs of Staff, said: “We accept the (conventional arms) imbalance which is there between India and Pakistan. What we will do and continue to do is keep that imbalance at a state which we consider manageable from our point of view.”

India, long dependent on Russian-made armaments, recently expressed interest in American-made military aircraft and top U.S. defense firms are promoting their wares this week at Aero India, the industry air show in Bangalore.

There, a senior executive with Lockheed Martin Corp. said his company is in talks to sell its C-130J Super Hercules transport aircraft and P-3C Orion naval spy planes to India.

India also has sought preliminary information in efforts to buy Lockheed’s F-16 fighter jets. Under U.S. law, Congress must approve government to government arms sales.

Diplomatic sources said India’s interest in U.S. fighters makes sense because ties between the two countries improved dramatically in recent years and sophisticated arms sales would add “ballast” to burgeoning trade.
But some U.S. officials doubt India is serious about buying American, especially when there are other producers like France and Sweden, and when New Delhi remains concerned that American supplies could be interrupted by possible sanctions.

They suspect India’s interest is aimed at preventing Washington from selling to Islamabad.

India “has put the administration in a tough place. Does it sell to Pakistan and forgo a potentially lucrative deal with India, or is that Indian deal just a ploy to prevent arch nemesis Pakistan from getting them,” one U.S. official said, noting an Indian deal would be larger than an Pakistani deal.

If Washington sold F-16s to both countries “that means we would be fueling a rivalry. It’s very complicated,” he added.

Lockheed is a major factor. U.S. congressional sources told Reuters the defense contractor has warned that if F-16 sales to Pakistan are not approved, the F-16 production line, with key facilities in President George W. Bush’s home state of Texas, will be shut down.

A Lockheed spokesman could not be reached.

Some U.S. lawmakers oppose F-16s to Pakistan because they feel the government is undemocratic and has not done enough to oppose Islamic militancy. But others say F-16s should be used to reward Islamabad for a major achievement, like peace with India in disputed Kashmir.

The United States sold F-16s to Pakistan in the 1980s when Islamabad helped drive the Soviets from Afghanistan but deliveries were halted in 1990 after a U.S. law barred military exports because Pakistan was suspected of possessing a nuclear device. India and Pakistan tested nuclear weapons in 1998.

India moving to next level. Anyone more info about this?

India developing missile defence

Vishal Thapar

Bangalore, February 11, 2005|04:21 IST

India has set out to configure its own ballistic missile defence on the basis of Prithvi missile and the Israeli Greenpine radar.

The DRDO will attempt to integrate this system into an effective missile defence within a five-to-seven-year time, highly-placed sources disclosed.

Earlier, India was considering an Israeli Arrow-based missile defence cover in respect to the threat from the nuclear armed western neighbour.

from cdf:
Thousand dragons news net on October 08, 2003 Chinese trump card test pilot 访谈: Owlet dragon, flight, air fight (chart) Legendary test pilot: Lei Qiang “Owlet dragon” flight feeling “The owlet dragon” also was before said “ultra seven”, although with annihilated -7 equally all brings 7 character, but its good mobility and annihilated -7 simply not in a scale Reporter: This “the owlet dragon” flies, was domestic first time just started the test flight when one kind of military airplane on the permission propaganda. Facing the outside to “the owlet dragon” airplane technique tactical performance all sorts of guesses, whether you acts according to you actually drives “the owlet dragon” the experience, chats your flight feeling? Lei Qiang: I thought, “owlet dragon”, also was before said “ultra seven”, with annihilated -7 although all brought 7 character, actually was the entirely different two kind of airplanes. No matter or the airplane air operated contour said from the pilot guidance control relations, all is completely different. To my own opinion, flew in me in such many types, “owlet dragon” the mobility has made the profound impression to me, this is one kind of extremely nimble airplane. Flies in the enveloping curve extremely limited scope in (speed, highly, overload all limits very much strictly), “the owlet dragon” still displayed the very good sensitivity, with annihilates -7 simply not in a scale. Reporter: Actually can you chat have which to distinguish? Lei Qiang: In the flight “is keen” is any concept, is said: I use the similar slope, I pull the same pole, the angular speed which the airplane revolves am different. For instance annihilates -7 airplane, although my tension bar pulls overload very big, but the airplane only can slow gradually transfer the angle to come, the radius of turn is very big, this explained this kind of airplane mobility is not good. When flies “the owlet dragon”, a tension bar airplane transferred, this explained this machine maximum instantaneous 盘旋角 speed was very big. Also has the vertical direction the mobility, for instance flies 81 flights theater troupes to annihilate the -7EB airplane, I discovered, climbs from the tension bar to the somersault most peak vertical elevation difference at least has 1,000 meters (this or technical quite good pilot to be able to achieve), but the Soviet -27 airplane can small be very many, we said “the Soviet -27 vertical maneuverability annihilates -7EB to have to be better than”. Reporter: Then, takes the main user, Palestine’s pilot to “owlet dragon” appraisal how? Lei Qiang: Yesterday ate meal, Pakistan’s project managed director (we all is very good friend, because he formerly also was pilot, annihilated -7 when reequipment, I was his instructor pilot) appraise: “On ‘ the mobility which the owlet dragon demonstrated depending on the afternoon air show in ‘, I thought it is better than F-16”. They knew I have flown F-16 in England, asks me: “Thunder sir, you thought how this airplane and F-16 do compare?” My certainly flattery too excessively, did not say I think with F-16 quite. He said that, “The drillmaster, I thought you say are not right, depend on me to see today ‘ the owlet dragon ‘ flies these movements, its flight performance affirmation is better than F-16.” Objectively speaking that, I also thought “owlet dragon” the flight performance should have to be better than Pakistani air force active duty F-16A. Reporter: You said a moment ago “owlet dragon” mobility compared to F-16A good, was said “the owlet dragon” horizontal maneuverability compared to F-16A good, or the horizontal maneuverability and the vertical maneuverability are all better than F-16A? Lei Qiang: “The owlet dragon” also has the certain disparity in the thrust ratio aspect and F-16, but the horizontal maneuverability has the certain superiority compared to F-16. Reporter: At present, “the owlet dragon” provides how is the cabin contact surface? Lei Qiang: At present “the owlet dragon” mainly has used “evenly two” the cabin contact surface (namely a collimated display and two multi-purpose under regard monitor), future will be allowed to need to install another multi-purpose monitor according to the user, will turn “is even three”. But, at present knows according to me, in the world the operating aircraft use “is even three” the layout airplane not to be certainly many, only has F/A-18 and JAS-39. Uses the multi-purpose monitor the function to lie in enhances the information content which the pilot can gain. The before airplane used the traditional measuring appliance to cover entirely the cockpit the design, originally thought like this was allowed to provide more information to the pilot, finally made the pilot was dazzled, in the air fight very fast that flash, instead did not know should look at any table. Now had MFD (multi-purpose monitor), has been dissimilar, the pilot may assign out the information as necessary which oneself most needs, demonstrates on MFD. For instance “the owlet dragon”, has 20 functions keys around each MFD to use to choose the different demonstration content, for instance I may on the left side monitor look information and so on navigation landmark navigation, looks at information and so on radar in right side, also may look the engine speed, the oil mass, outside hang the management, flies controls, the atmospheric data… … This all only needs to cut a key to be able to complete. I grow not the husband test flight courtyard study when Russia, they ask me: “You fly evenly have revealed the subject not to have?” I said that, “Has flown”. Then I has flown annihilate -7M evenly to reveal the situation to them a saying, they are startled — China unexpectedly to have very much such well evenly reveal? Because the Russian airplane evenly reveals only is quite simple evenly reveals, provides function and data all extremely limited, even includes Soviet -27 evenly reveals, also is very simple. Reporter: In on our country before mechanically controlled airplane, all had “the transonic speed reversed control” the question, “the owlet dragon” on such longitudinal fax operation airplane also could have this situation? Lei Qiang: The reversed control is this kind of kind of situation: For instance annihilates -7, in transonic speed scope (0.9 Mach to 1.0 Mach nearby), if the pilot wants the tension bar fast to climb, the airplane cannot anticipated such the increase which moves along with the tension bar but unceasingly gain ground like the pilot, but is can gain ground achieved certain angle time suddenly rapidly lowers the head. This is because in the transonic speed scope, the delta-winged aeroplane may use the angle of attack to be specially small, only about some 8, the tension bar causes the angle of attack to surpass this value, can occur loses speed, the airplane lifting force suddenly greatly reduces, thereupon lowers the head. In has used on the fax operation airplane, cannot have this problem. Because pilot tension bar time only was gives flew controls a computer input signal, but was not directly hydraulic ram pulls the rudder like mechanically controlled airplane such through, therefore so long as in flew controls in the computer to establish the good procedure, avoided the airplane surpassing the normal angle of attack, was allowed to guarantee the pilot tension bar certainly is gains ground, the throwout lever certainly was lowers the head. Reporter: In us before on the airplane, has not all used the HOTAS technology (hand not to pole operation), now on finally saw in “the owlet dragon” anticipation long HOTAS, you have been able to chat HOTAS the function and the significance? Lei Qiang: HOTAS was 油门杆 and on the right hand control handle has arranged many important functions control buttons in the pilot left hand, enormously enhanced in the air fight pilot’s reaction rate. For instance driving annihilates -7 left side, hits with the missile the goal, must allocate first “about the electric switch” the determination to hit under the left wing the missile, then must dial “odd and even sends the electric switch” the determination use single firing, if with radar speech, but also must give the radar setting “how many line” “the goal distance” and so on a series of buttons, finally presses “the launch” Niu, splits out the missile. Always annihilates -7 can use the old style short range infrared missile, when the launch is away from the goal not to 10 kilometers, the such short distance, the enemy I two airplanes opposite directions fly, how many seconds have passed, where has the opportunity to let you according to such many electric switches? Now has HOTAS not to be dissimilar, all important functions all integrated on my two hands was grasping the pole, moved the finger on to split out the ball. Reporter: On that two poles has concentrated such many important functions, can according to be wrong? Lei Qiang: Cannot. Each function all has the self-locking and mutually locks. For instance, my am adjusting the radar, but also does not have the lock onto target, by now had no intention to press down the firing button, the missile could not have hit. Reporter: We knew “the owlet dragon” specially emphasized in the enhancement in the design the low altitude mobility, but annihilates -7, airplane primitive design and so on in the F-8 the mobility is not certainly good, in afterwards annihilated -7E, the F-8 II and so on in the advanced version airplane specially aims at in the enhancement the low altitude mobility to make some improvements. Then, in the actual flight process, you felt this kind the low altitude mobile airplane and strengthens the low altitude mobile airplane in the design on the emphasis in after the improvement to compare, the operation felt what has is different? Lei Qiang: In these kind of airplanes mobility and the operation quality the difference is very big. Because primitively designs emphasizes the upper air high speed performance the airplane, if does not carry on the thorough change to the air operated contour, with difficulty gets rid pursues the upper air high speed performance the shadow. For instance said annihilated -7E in the original delta-winged aeroplane foundation, changes it the pair 三角翼, in addition predestined affinity mobile flap, although center the low-altitude performance had a bigger enhancement, but because it certainly is not the true pursue mobile entire machine design, the mobility has not still been reborn change. For instance the wing, he still used was the predestined affinity ultra 薄翼型, the wing section did not change, the big angle of attack flight time predestined affinity or was easy to have the breakaway. But original performance aspect, although the maximum speed has lowered, but still had the better upper air high speed performance. Reporter: Has listened to you to “the owlet dragon” the appraisal, felt this airplane really is very good. Then, you thought “the owlet dragon” -27 compares with Soviet, in mobile aspect how? Lei Qiang: Flew such many airplanes, the overall had felt flew most comfortable, is handiest must calculate Soviet -27 and “the owlet dragon”. Among them, because Soviet -27 defers to Chinese’s stature design, I drive it also somewhat to take the trouble, for instance wants the throwout lever to make the great angle to dive, I also must the body 前倾 be able the throwout lever. At present we to “owlet dragon” the test flight only then just started, but also only was flies the enveloping curve flight in a very small head. I to “the owlet dragon” the mobile appraisal, completely am fly in the enveloping curve performance based on this. Looked on at present, “owlet dragon” the mobility in the horizontal direction should be with Soviet -27 suitable, in vertical direction, because our entire machine thrust ratio how many or lowers some, the estimate must Soviet -27 be worse than some. As for the Soviet -27 ultra maneuver cabability, at present “the owlet dragon” was unable to hope to attain or equal. SU-27: Mobile wang Zhe Reporter: “The owlet dragon” is defers to the Pakistani pilot’s stature development? Operates is not also very much takes the trouble? Lei Qiang: Ha-ha. “The owlet dragon” has used 杆力 the control but is not the displacement controls, I only need continuously holds on the pole to computer “I in the tension bar” the signal, the computer knew I want the Radow great angle, automatic control kick. Hits for instance, I must operate annihilate -7 descend, am possible I to swing the control handle the scope picture to open the manual speed change the truck to be same, but operates “the owlet dragon” the take off and landing then only needs the hand strut on the thigh, rocking bar scope very small, only needed with the skill slightly to cause a vigor to be good. Dozens of kind of fighter planes flights experience Annihilates -5 structure simple easy seat of honor, annihilates -6 because is the first supersonic plane, some inherent problems, are very difficult to fly; Annihilates -7 takes off the landing to be more difficult; The F-8 has under some kind of condition to be unable to maintain the flying status the question; Soviet -27 this “makes up” the airplane mobility which comes out to be possible to be really good… … “The owlet dragon”, the mobility compared annihilates -7 is strong many. The take off and landing most difficult is annihilates teaches -7, took a trainer aircraft was unexpectedly more difficult than the fighter aircraft to fly many Reporter: I on hand have a number of copies according to indicate, at present our country pilots select primary election passing rate approximately is 2 ‰, also has 40% through in the primary election flying cadet to be able to eliminate in the afterwards raise. May say the pilot absolutely is in the ordinary young person of the right age is one in a thousand, experiences flies the fighter aircraft feeling also is many people yearned for already long and is possible the dream which life-long also is unable to realize. You took has flown dozens of kind of types test pilots, can speak these types to us the flight feeling? Lei Qiang: How says, between each model airplane different modification flight feeling actually very similar, I only defer to similar annihilate -5, annihilate -6 such great model to chat. Annihilates -5 airplane is this kind of kind of airplane — its structure is simple, easy seat of honor. For instance, I may bring to be ordinary, never to have on the flight experience person to annihilate teach -5 airplane, instructs his period of time in the back seat, he should be able independently to fly some simple movements. Annihilates -6 belongs to the first generation of supersonic fighter plane, has very many places all to have some inherent problems, the experience person had not felt its each kind of problem are much more, very is difficult to fly. In fact world also on our country in past because economy, technology and so on many kinds of originally thus massively equipped has annihilated -6 airplane, other countries, all did not have including the Soviet air force massively to purchase the Mig -19– this airplane too to be difficult to fly! As for annihilates -7 airplane, regarding flies has annihilated -6 person to say, possibly can think flies some, does not have that many taboo. But, because its design emphasized upper air high speed performance, in addition delta-winged aeroplane landing performance itself quite bad, causes it to take off with the landing quite is difficult. Reporter: Annihilates -7 design getting-off speed to be supposed about 280 kilometers/hours? Lei Qiang: That is the theory value, in fact as a result of the airplane aging and the pilot technical level limit, all must amount to above for 300 kilometers/hours. I if display the good speech, also can amount to for 290 kilometers/hours. Therefore said annihilates -7 although in airborne not any problem, but the take off and landing performance is bad. The F-8 is an airplane which one kind quite good flies, its taking off extremely good does with the landing — takes off all annihilates with the earth speed -7 must be smaller than. Although airplane big, but his/her the even tail efficiency wants good somewhat, may suppress the airplane the angle of attack, guaranteed the airplane can earth by a bigger angle of attack and takeoff, because angle of attack big, the airplane lifting force has been also big, therefore may use a smaller speed to take off with the landing. But the F-8 has to be unable under certain conditions to maintain the flying status the question. For instance some our air force has time of F-8 four machine formations to bring three auxiliary oil tanks to fly to Nansha to go on patrol, when curve and transitioning on once has appeared suddenly 掉高度 question. FBC-1 “flies the leopard” is the ground attack bomber aircraft, flies the feeling “to be stupid” on the comparison, but because it is the airplane after all which 1980 ages later will design, in aspect and so on man-machine project all had made great strides, also quite good flew, but it was far from airborne in has the good mobility. Soviet -27, compared with is interesting — by Soviet Union’s technical level, can do the such good airplane, indeed makes one admire. Because I thought this airplane designs certainly is certainly unscientific. Is why unscientific? Because this airplane is “makes up” comes out. Possible you not too to understand, after same year Sukhoi designed the T-10 prototype, discovered the airplane too was heavy, is unable to achieve the design target, thereupon started to carry on the design to reduce weight, reduces subtracts, unexpectedly reduced some places not to be able to achieve the design load the request, thereupon started to make up strongly, discovered where quite weak made up at the same place. Therefore, Soviet -27 from the design, flies the stereotypia, altogether has fallen 7 airplanes! Specifically said the Soviet -27 flight feeling very similar annihilates -7E in certain aspects, for instance holds the steady quality, the speed of response and so on, all and annihilates -7E to be similar. Certainly, Soviet -27 annihilated -7E in the mobility strongly to want to be more than. The impression deepest is in the air show two airplanes makes the identical movement (horizontal flight – 滚转 – 倒飞 dives – pulls up) the phase difference for me to be highly huge. Because I at 96, 98 Zhuhai’s 航展 all once drove annihilate -7E to carry on the air show, I at least had only then to dare above 1,000 meters to make this movement; But I train in Russia, the renowned command pilot tests cuts you (frequently to drive serial number 595 single seaters to attend 航展, but also some serial number 597 双座 Soviet -27, these two airplanes we frequently flew in Russia) on once lead me to drive 597th Soviet -27 教练型 highly to make this thrilling feat — me in 600 meters to feel at that time was seeing the airplane had “to kiss” with the earth, “shouted” suddenly pulled up! Therefore said this thing the mobility is really good! “The owlet dragon”, this airplane compared before to annihilate -7 said that, has entered a stride! Most minimum, the mobility strong were many; With is the light fighter aircraft, its range mostly; Has had the short field takeoff ability; The beyond line of sight air fight ability 更不用说, that was necessary; The bomb-carrying capacity also mostly, 3.6 tons, annihilated -7 all series airplanes to calculate “clenched jaws” are also most only can hang outside 2 tons to hang; Also was the before airplane does not have to the ground precise attack ability. Said, take off and landing most difficult, but also annihilates -7 series fighter plane, but is its 双座 training modification — annihilates teaches -7 airplane. Because annihilates -7 airplane itself the space very limitedly, after added a member, the airplane take off and landing performance further worsens, takeoffs the speed to reach as high as for 315 ~ 335 kilometers/hours, the landing speed is also similar. This speed oneself after has been very dangerous, is easy the accident. Therefore, many flies annihilates teaches -7 only then to fly annihilates -7 pilot to say “annihilated teaches -7 to annihilate -7 is more difficult than to fly many!” Reporter: You flew such many airplanes, felt what airplane flies is most convenient? Lei Qiang: Says from the man-machine engineering aspect, F-16 should say drives the most comfortable airplane. Its main characteristic lies in the design which the joy stick xxxxs right. Pilot in driving time very comfortable, the operation 油门杆 left hand and the operation joy stick right hand all has the strut, basically is completely stretches in there flight, is very comfortable. Moreover this kind of airplane chair the time which increases in the overload can automatic 后倾, most greatly may 后倾 30, the person overloads in withstanding, forehead and heart horizontal height difference bigger, person more uncomfortable, also is easier to appear 红视 and black regards. 后倾 the later forehead and the heart height difference will reduce, naturally will be able comfortable somewhat, but F-16 in my opinion also will have it to design on the malpractice — unsuitable combat (mmm? ! ). Because its joy stick xxxxs right the design, once battles is wounded by the enemy the right arm, very difficult normally to drive the airplane safely to return from cruise — if between the traditional two legs the joy stick, from left hand near somewhat, operated at the same time with a hand 油门杆, at the same time operated the joy stick, reluctantly also could maintain the flight, but right flank the joy stick left hand could not suffice… … Basically right flank from the F-16 later fighter aircraft on has not used the joy stick model, I estimated also was based on this consideration. Owlet dragon bring down: The even tail deflection angle is very big Joins the airplane triturating In “owlet dragon” in the design process, I and my colleague participation solves the airplane 抬前轮 to be difficult and so on the question Reporter: In the design process you besides hold the post of the aerial mission in “the owlet dragon” as the test pilot, what other duties but also has? Lei Qiang: Present test pilot already with before was different. After before is the airplane design completes, produces, how only then gives us to appraise the airplane the performance, but the present requests the test pilot from the design on the participation among, the entire journey gives the comment. In “owlet dragon” in the design, I and my colleague all is participation as necessary, is called by the person play “half designer”. Reporter: You can giving an example? Lei Qiang: For instance “the owlet dragon” in the design, the entire machine control system from the design angle looked theoretically does not have any question, but in the actual ground run we discovered the airplane has 抬前轮 the difficult question, by now but the airplane air operated contour already was unable to carry on the big change, we suggested the designer: “The owlet dragon” the airplane is not the longitudinal fax? Then, designs such function in the control system: When takes off, an even tail automatic under pre-placed angle, when the airplane achieved takeoffs when the speed, the pilot tension bar gains ground, the control handle moves under the even tail which causes the leaning angle to add on the initialization the under leaning angle on sufficiently on the even tail to have the enough big postiive pitching moment, the solution gains ground the difficult question. Reporter: And so on involves the man-machine engineering aspect in the cabin contact surface in the design, test pilot’s participation was not is more important? Lei Qiang: Right. The pilot and the airplane connection mainly is the cockpit contact surface. In in the early airplane design, does not take the man-machine project, especially take Soviet airplane as really — engine room in dense and numerous crammed full measuring appliance and electric switch, for instance the Mig -21, on the pilot dead ahead display board has 23 each kind of measuring appliance, adds on two sides the measuring appliances, approaches 90. This causes the pilot to need the long-term training to adapt the airplane cabin layout (natural pilot is can, but this which adapts through training inevitable causes 事故率 enhancement and operational performance reduces). In in the third generation fighter aircraft design, in cabin many factors all must conform to pilot’s custom. Although designs the personnel in design cabin contact surface time is extremely careful, considers as far as possible thoroughly, but they most all do not have the actually flight experience after all, therefore or can have not the entirely as desired place, this needs pilot’s suggestion. For instance, before our FC-1 airplane has once installed inside the cabin with the compass related check-out facility, in the pilot felt compass work not normal time uses for to carry on the comparison and the calibration to the compass. Designs the personnel to arrange this kind of equipment in the cabin to have he consideration that, Once compass, cannot cause the aircraft navigation to have the problem, therefore designs this kind of calibration equipment, prepares the emergency requirement. But, after the test pilot has flown said that, “This table does not use the arrangement in the cabin. I from ascend the sky fall to the ground, always does not have usefully has been to this thing — present airplane navigation aid all is the time which the unnecessary — compass does not permit may get used to seeing leads, may look ‘ 塔康 ‘, three type things bad possibilities have been all miniscule, are not worthwhile bring a horse to a halt in the airborne calibration compass?” Thereupon designed the personnel to accept test pilot’s opinion, has removed this table, needed the equipment for other pilots to set aside the space. Moreover, but also must designs as far as possible each kind of measuring appliance and the electric switch tallies the majority pilot’s custom — pilot to be familiar with from left side some angle looks the speed table, that speed table arrangement in left side; The pilot practices the habitually used right hand to control the navigation aid, that navigation aid operation button arrangement in right side… … These small things look like commonplace, but in actual combat often on because of a spot small difference but error victory opportunity. Reporter: You can specifically introduce some test pilots and pilot’s difference? Lei Qiang: The pilot and the test pilot want to face challenge entirely different. The pilots all are fly in the safe flight enveloping curve, but the test pilots all are in “walk the steel wire” — the test pilot to have to depart the biggest enveloping curve which the airplane limit performance corresponds: Maximum speed, most slow speed, 升限, biggest overload, biggest normal angle of attack and so on. After then reduces this enveloping curve provides takes for the pilot its safe flight enveloping curve, therefore the pilot is slightly has surpasses his safe flight enveloping curve also to be able to guarantee the security. If must induce says, requests me to the pilot to think has these points: First, the body is good. Second, has the dedication to work. Third, has the brave spirit. Fourth, has the correlation specialized technology. But regarding a test pilot said these requests was insufficient. What other requests does the test pilot also have? The first request is, must have the strong dedication to work. Not the strong dedication to work is does not dare to be engaged in this professional. Facing outside each kind of enticement, certainly must be able 静下心来, wholly absorbed does well own test flight enterprise. For example, my several relatives all are the pilots, they successively all left the army to go to the commercial aviation, there treatment was extremely munificent. Also has many airline and I relates, gives the vehicle to the house, wants me to go to the commercial aviation. But I thought the oneself present is very good. What I am dry is the enterprise, the country on does not give me the money, I also must be dry. Truly speaking, must I only then not do test pilot this occupation for the money! I meet the dangerous situation trades the average person not to know how many — people dead all things died to be spatial, why did I ask for money? Therefore said I really like this line, this is my for a lifetime enterprise and the painstaking care crystallization. The second request is, must have the good psychological quality. Because the test pilot bumps into in the flight the situation only has few is the predecessor has bumped into, but the overwhelming majority all is the predecessor has not bumped into. Once encounters the peculiar circumstance if a your brain Mongolia, had not known how has processed, that is not good! For instance the engine airborne stops, to the ordinary pilot said is the rare accident, to the test pilot said was the daily family activity plain meal, even had to stop on own initiative. The third request, I thought an achievement test pilot also needs to have the extremely good rationale and the broad aspect of knowledge. As a pilot, I only need to understand I at present am flying the airplane, remembers its main parameter, so long as did not replace new airplane these knowledge to be sufficient. But took a test pilot, your aspect of knowledge must have to be very wide. When I in army or a pilot’s time, I certainly did not understand the airplane the concrete structure, I tacitly approve the airplane am complete, once in airborne encounters the peculiar circumstance, I only need according to the handbook stipulation to carry on processing, if is unable to process, only needs the ejection to bail out the line. But in the handbook gauge rule is the test pilot trades with the blood lesson. As a test pilot, I need to understand my airplane has provided any thing in any position, provides these things can have any influence. If is not clear, had the problem you not to even know how said clearly with the ground crew. The test pilot must help the ground engineer judges the airplane the breakdown. For instance this “the owlet dragon” flies, after test pilot Wang Wenjiang drives airplane high-speed planing to finish, reported said discovered the front wheel has the unusual sound, my second slides, also discovered has quack the sound. I and they said that, you look up, the airplane front wheel stay rod crown have the question. They as soon as look up, really, stay rod crown processing time components ultra difference, therefore slides time can make the special sound. This is my second driving “the owlet dragon” carries on slides, before certainly did not understand to this airplane. This needs the test pilot to have the solid rationale. Also, my first driving “the owlet dragon” slides, discovered the display board has the serious vibration, after I had finished on said to the ground crew, the airplane display board possibly has the screw not to screw tight. Discovered to the ground crew in the inspection that, in the tight display board 6 screws, some on, some two have not screwed tight. The fourth request is, the test pilot must have the certain foreign language ability. Because you possibly frequently contacts some foreign language materials as the test pilot, you at least need to understand the general meaning. Moreover, the test pilot also frequently needs with overseas to carry on the exchange, even goes abroad the raise, this also cannot leave the good foreign language ability. Some times we go abroad certainly does not bring the translation, moreover translates also frequently cannot master our technical expression. Reporter: You have successively carried on 4 years training in Russia, you can discuss what raises aspect Russia and China in the test pilot has to distinguish? Lei Qiang: I thought Russia raises the aspect in the test pilot to be equal to the world 70’s levels. For instance they train the test pilot to carry on the airplane “the step leap to respond” the test, requests the pilot to have to make the following movement: The horizontal flight, 压杆 0.3 second, the maintenance, pulls. Depends entirely on the manual control to be specially difficult, because the person and the airplane are connected, can receive the outside movement influence, must as 0.3 second, nearly not be as precisely impossible. Like these movements, at present in other countries, already used the computer to carry on tests. We are in fact pass through this kind of quite primitive training in Russia, then uses western again some quite new test flight method. In Chinese apex test pilot eye modern air fight and fighter aircraft design thought I thought must depend on present the beyond line of sight missile to shoot down outside 670 kilometers to drive by the experienced pilot is similar the Soviet -27 this kind of extreme nimble airplane, is very difficult. Reporter: I have to take the shed aspect about the beyond line of sight air fight condition under airplane characteristics the question to want to consult you: At present American, in the Russia airplane design, takes the shed difference more and more obvious — American regarding the airplane characteristics to emphasize hiding, the beyond line of sight attack, but the Russian pursues the mobility. Even also promoted to the end of the 90’s has been similar Soviet -37 such to disregard the hiding request, the one-sided pursue superelevation mobile design. You thought why their style can differ is so big? The Russian fighter aircraft completely depends upon the mobility to achieve the superiority This post has been edited by chenium on Feb 11 2005, 09:06 AM Chenium Posted: Feb 11 2005, 09:05 AM Oberleutnant zur See Group: Senior Member Posts: 1,511 Member No.: 712 Joined: 19-November 02 The Russian fighter aircraft completely depends upon the mobility to achieve the superiority Lei Qiang: I thought this is two countries differently creates to the air force tactic utilization thought in. The American hoped avoids the brutal wrestle air fight, the Soviet believed, own airplane may rely on the good mobility to shunt the enemy side beyond line of sight missile, then enters the wrestle air fight, depends upon the good mobility to defeat the enemy. In fact, in the present case, I thought must depend on present the beyond line of sight missile to shoot down outside 670 kilometers to drive by the experienced pilot is similar the Soviet -27 this kind of extreme nimble airplane, is very difficult. Because the fighter aircraft radar sphere of action also is in the nose front part cone about 30, about 20, very easy to shunt. Also may close the radar, the use passively locates the sensation enemy side the position, like this affirmed the enemy side discovered we must be much earlier than. Reporter: Calculated you can hide AIM-120C in 50 kilometer outside attack, to the apparent distance in, you also has been able to hide similar JSF the fighter aircraft use helmet mounted sight +AIM-9X advanced wrestle missile “to die pursues kills”? Lei Qiang: To the apparent distance in, who feared who is uncertain! Soviet -27 also may use the helmet mounted sight +R-73 missile! If the enemy side missile is first blindly launches, then uses the helmet mounted sight passing machine – ball data chain direction missile to track me, I immediately to the mean mobility, to you underneath, you has not been able continuously to use the helmet mounted sight to see me? Thereupon, the missile lost. By now, I immediately have turned around, ha ha, your tail nozzle “is sentimental” is looking my R-73 detection unit! If the enemy side specific use looks discovers me, informs missile homing head opening machine, locking, then the launch, I also downward fly, then 收油门, your AIM-9X can discover immediately that, under the ground disorderly background radiation, could not discover me! Then launched missile attack JSF on this me. Much less, was I also allowed to flush the sun to fly, what infrared imagery and so on high-tech manage your AIM-9X to use, so long as were the infrared missile, all had the solar blind spot? Who fears who? Therefore, do not have to frighten by overseas propaganda some things own. In the air fight, does not have the absolute matter, pilot’s quality very important! Reporter: Chief Lei, my here has a your material, called you on -27 completed a series of high difficulty maneuver many times in Russia’s Soviet, including “the tail to flush” 22, “the cobra are mobile” 32, the slow speed somersault 34 second-rate. We frequently may see some Soviet -27 series airplane performs these technique startled four gaudy movements at 航展. Then these movements have the major function in the actual air fight? For instance “the tail flushes”, this movement causes the airplane the speed drop to 0, in take the energy maneuverability as main air fight method today, how can it be that makes this kind to be able to cause the movement which the airplane kinetic energy suddenly loses is not oneself sets to the extremely passive status? The cobra is mobile is Guang Shou disputed that, this kind of movement only has in the minimum speed range can carry on, in the air fight has the opportunity to enter so in the small speed? Also has famously “the clasp” to be mobile, every this all sorts, ask you to discuss your view? Lei Qiang: At that time I in flew after, thought these movements indeed were allowed perfect to unfold the Soviet -27 airplane outstanding mobility, what tactical value but had? After comes back, my on continuously in attention overseas to these movements appraisals and explanation, for instance US on once many times simulated these movements, all thought these movement no actual combat significance. Now as I see it, when the use third generation, has the off-boresight launch ability missile, these movements or have the certain tactical value. For instance said “the tail flushes”, you pursue me in behind, I pull up make “the tail to flush”, because your airplane does not have carries on same “the tail flushes” the mobile ability with me, therefore even if you are pulling up together with me, could not wait to satisfy the missile launching condition to be able to fall, by now you could inevitably flush to front, but after I “flushed the tail” center withdrew, was vertical gets down, happen to followed behind you to hit you. “Cobra mobile” usage more special — it mainly is uses in the horizontal side is upward, but is not likes at the air show such to carry on in the vertical direction. For instance your airplane in my left front 60 about air limits flying, this time my missile off-boresight launch angle only has 30, cannot project on you, how manages? I make in the horizontal direction “the cobra to be mobile” immediately, large scale changes the nose direction, obtains the missile launching condition, opens fire shoots down you. Also “clasp” mobile, he actually or “the cobra mobile” only is makes after pulling up 滚转, when the airplane enters 倒飞 the condition, the nose “the cobra is mobile” to mean. Its function is such — I is pursued by you, I pull up, you definitely also must pull up with me, pulls up after me certainly highly, the speed reduces “mobile to the cobra” needs in the speed range, I suddenly carry on “the clasp” to be mobile, large scale changes the nose to aim and to decelerate, you can inevitable flushing to me in front of, then I obtain the missile launching condition in the process which the nose rotates. These act I before also has considered, at that time but I thought made these movements time had the huge hidden danger — missile launching the time airplane speed to be very small, the missile impact, the vibration and the engine discharged fume all has the possibility to cause the airplane to appear airborne stops and so on the fatal dangerous situation occurrence. At that time therefore I continuously thought these movements are impractical. But the present, in missile launching some technologies had the change, for instance method and so on total impulse launch possibly can alleviate these questions. Reporter: How will that concern nobody fighter aircraft and some person of fighter aircrafts future develops you to look? As a senior pilot, you thought how long development life some person of fighter aircrafts also do have? At present the various countries is developing can the fighter aircraft be last the generation of some people drives the fighter aircraft? Lei Qiang: Nobody fighter aircraft is a good thing. First it does not need to lead the pilot to ascend the sky, may save the massive spaces attire more payloads, or reduces the airplane contour characteristic in the load same situation, is advantageous to the stealth. Next, the modern flight vehicle development changes with each new day, the mobile progress is very quick, but the person withstood the ability which overloaded already to achieve the limit, very difficult to have again progresses. Thereupon the pilot becomes the bottleneck which the restriction airplane mobility further strengthens. Nobody fighter aircraft has avoided this question, can achieve with the air-to-air missile similar mobility, is very difficultly hit. Third, nobody machine even if has been wrecked, also cannot appear the personnel casualty. Along with the aviation technology development, the fighter aircraft system is more and more complex, same year older generation pilot and so on Han Decai merely passed through 8 hours trainings to be able to lift off and to shoot down the United States military trump card the story, very little had the possibility to perform. Trains a qualified pilot is very difficult, raises the cycle long, the elimination rate is extremely high. Some people even forecast that, some day will have the major war, the airplane loses has been allowed rapidly to make the replacement troop, but the army very will be difficult to find the enough pilot to drive these airplanes. Fourth, although nobody machine development changes with each new day, and will have the possibility to become the fighter aircraft in the future the main force, but also will be supposed to note the various countries also all vigorously to develop the next generation fighter aircraft which some people will drive, this explained nobody machine technology insufficiently will be also mature, some people will drive the airplane in the quite long time still will be the various countries’ air defense main forces from now on. Therefore I did not think at present is grinding the fight opportunity is an airplane which last the generation of some people drives. Reporter: In you and in overseas wide-ranging exchange, you thought which national the pilot quality is best? Pakistan’s pilot quality how? Lei Qiang: I thought Israel’s pilot level is best. Because this country extremely small, is impossible to raise the large-scale air force, simultaneously frequently is facing the peripheral national military threat, therefore they raise pilot’s way are “ten miles select one, 以一当十”. In other words, I elect ten pilots, very is all splendid, but, I only leave behind outstandingly. After pilot which selects like this, absolutely is in highest quality people’s highest quality people. This stays behind the pilot can obtain the very high honor, even receives president’s personal interview. In these pilots’ hearts all very clear, once has the war, I want 以一当十, even the entire Israel’s life and death on is direct and my air fight victory and defeat related! Reporter: Russian, Pakistani and US’S pilot level how? Lei Qiang: The Russian pilots for mine feeling are, their technology stands up to the most rigorous test very much, but specially slack, the anarchism attitude is more serious. Therefore the very many matters former capital is therefore comes. Before, Pakistan’s pilots all passed through United States Air Force’s training, the level must calculate the eldest child in the entire Islam world, but said in the entire world, actually was not very prominent. I thought cannot say the Pakistani pilot’s flight technology is good, but their patriotic spirit indeed is specially strong. In addition, I thought United States military’s pilot quality should very good, this mainly is because they continuously in go to war, continuously in carries on has the very strong pointed training, the flying time number very is also high, in the United States military the common army pilot’s flying time number approaches for 200 hours/years, reaches as high as as for its crack troops for 300 hour/years. Guaranteed the enough flying time number guarantees high grade pilot’s only way — for example Russia, they have the very good airplane, also has the very good flight teacher, but the Russian worn out economy is unable to cause the air force to continue to maintain even if most basic flying training. Thereupon, the very quick people discovered that, the Russian air force’s overall level the continuing decline. Reporter: In our country pilot’s raise and does the air force battle efficiency formation aspect, with overseas compare, what characteristic has? Lei Qiang: Compares with front these countries, our country air force actually is facing other predicament: We have the aviation gasoline, but does not have the enough good airplane, calculated we put out obsoletely greatly in these annihilate the money flower on -6, lets our pilot year flying time number and the United States military is same, also is unable to deepen the pilots to the modern air fight understanding — at the beginning of 60’s tactics, I looked practiced in vain has also practiced! Therefore, strengthens in view of the modern air fight condition under the training, I thought is the key. (Elects from “兵工 Science and technology” the magazine “Owlet Dragon Fight Nose To fly Memoir”) Thousand dragons news net on October 08, 2003

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Boy, thats a tough Job 😮

>bring down the helicopter cost from the existing USD 5.5 million to USD six mil

new basics for maths?

The PG is cheap and for point defence not bad at all. It is like F16A was simpler and cheaper then F15 but does that mean it was replaced by it?

Phrozen, The mirages will be leaving service pertty fast. So you don;t have that much left. The 7P and A5 will be replaced so what is left?