exactly a place for everything, and everything in its place 😎
Human beings in caves for instance.:rolleyes:
Who’s working on what for the definitive PAK-FA engine (sorry english not available- but in short absolutely everybody).
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Why am I not surprised!:D But on a serious note I am impressed at how any potential for infighting in the vast Russian aviation complex seems to have been surpressed or a least hidden from view and the Pakfa program now seems like a common effort.
From D K Brown’s ‘Rebuilding the RN’ Page 41
In November 1945 the Deputy Controller indicated that nine fleet aircraft carriers would be needed in 1950, of which three would be the Ark Royal class (the contract for the original Eagle had not then been cancelled), the other six being the Illustrious and her five contemporaries. Anything less than a full reconstruction was not recommended. The cost of reconstruction was said to be £2.5 million compared with £7 million for a new aircraft carrier. Nevertheless, the Fifth Sea Lord, who was responsible for aircraft in the fleet, considered it was not worthwhile modernising Illustrious, the money saved being better out towards the cost of a new ship. In any case there was now no money for the project so the subject was deferred for 6 months.
I’m not sure how close this possible rebuild was compared to the one that ended up being planned and carried out on Victorious.
This was a very long way away from how Victorious ended up, from that period the fully angled flight deck was added, the Type-984 was added and the steam catapults were added. However they are all features that would have also been added to any new carrier design thus increasing its cost by more or less the same factor. One of the key factors behind British carrier development was NA39 (Buccaneer) essentially an anti Sverdlov aircraft, that was the primary need for the big carriers.
Remember that in 1945 the RN was faced withe reality that none of the existing full fleet carriers (the 6 armoured ships) could then operate the RN’s then prospective aircraft, the Sea Mosquito, Seafang, Sea Hornet, Spearfish, Sturgeon, Wyvern. Only Formidable and Victorious could operate Sea Furys. So as you can see a proposed 1945 reconstruction is going to be very limited compared to a Victorious that ended up flying of Sea Vixens and Buccaneers, those ten years between 1945 and 1955-7 really are worlds apart.
I think the emphasis on the air to ground role of the Rafale would make it more suitable for India than the Typhoon. With the active array RBE2, the latest engines, Mica, Meteor, it will do a good enough job for the medium term AtoA needs. Once the Indo/russian Pak-FA reaches squadrons, the Rafale could be moved to the AtoG and deep penetration roles.
Typhoon and Pak-FA could become a bit redudant once the Pak-FA comes operational, unless the Typhoon catches up on the Rafale in the AtoG role.
Nic
There are more than enough Rafale versus Typhoon threads and we all know which side your on so take it to one of those.
That is the SIPRI, other statistics show the UK far ahead. The UK had 3.1 billion dollars worth of arms exports in 2005 according to other studies.
Actually the UK SIPRI figure of about 7 billion dollars for 1990 to 2006 seems ridiculously low, considering that in that time the UK sold 294 BAE Hawks into export markets (not including more than 100 T45s sold to the US after 1990), assuming just 10 million dollars per plane that equals 2.94 billion dollars of BAE Hawk exports alone between 1990 and 2006.
Link.
http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?F=3076574&C=america
The five permanent members of the UN security council are also the five largest arms exporters in the world…………..it aint a coincedence.;)
Now that French have lost even the helicopter, tank and SAM deal with Saudi Arabia (Mi-17/35 instread of Eurocopters, T-90 instead of LeClerc and Russian medium-range air-defense instead of MBDA Aster SAMP, makes me wonder what happened between French and Saudis that resulted in earlier pulling Rafale out of the contest. Whatever it is, made Saudis pretty pi$$ed.. Looks like we might see Su-35s in Saudi Colors one day.. 😎
I think that technically Raffie might have won the Saudi contest, the rest is politics..
There is no evidence for the Rafale having technically won anything and there is absolutely no need whatsoever to rehash the perpetual Rafale versus Typhoon BS here either.
What is certain is that the Saudis are not interested in French kit at the moment, it could be as simple as it is not as good as it should be for the price, or a french guy could have drunk alcohol in the desert, who knows.
I cant see the Saudis getting Su-35’s, their fleet at the moment is looking very impressive with upgraded Eagles and Tornado’s and now 72 Typhoon as well. Now Pakfa on the other hand is a different story, if the Saudis stick with the Russian theme that is a real possiblity in the long term.
When wondering about the lack of sales for Rafale you have to remember that the competition hasn’t been extermely successful either. At least if you look at other fighters of the same generation not many has sold very well.
Eurofighter has the biggest numbers, thanks to the Saudi deal that was clinched without open contest. F-18 Super Hornet has been sold only to Australia, also without contest. The only of the new fighters that has won several open contests has been Gripen.
The Saudi contest might not have been open but the Rafale was pushed very very hard by the French. Do not get it into your head that the Rafale never got a look in, it was marketed as heavily as Typhoon was. Austria was an open contest. Japan now looks like a possible customer and the Typhoon is up for the MMRCA (alongside Rafale), my personal opinion is that India would do well with the Typhoon but gut feeling suggests that it will be a contest between the Mig-35 and the Rafale.
The problem was that it only seemed to be cheaper – in part because it was portrayed as little more than a major overhaul, when in practice, it was a complete rebuild. The rebuild program was a very shortsighted plan, i.e. the RN didn’t quite have enough money to buy new ones, so it went for the ‘cheap’ option. In practice, Ark and Eagle were still pretty beaten up by the late ’60s. If you look through Beedall’s pages on the CVA-01, it certainly seems clear that a Clemenceau sized carrier would have come in around the same price as the rebuilds.
The RN did want the Phantom though, I do agree with that, but the problem is that the Phantom would struggle to operate off anything short of 50,000 tons. This basically means that, in the absence of new large carriers, only Eagle and Ark would have a hope of operating Phantoms. Large new carriers, as we know now, weren’t going to happen. Smaller carriers, in place of the rebuilds, were very much doable, even within the limited budgets of the time. Also, it has to be remembered that even if Victorious had been rebuilt, Crusaders could probably have flown off her decks. The Victorious rebuild showed just how expensive the ‘cheap’ rebuild option was, so it would have been reasonable to cancel the other rebuilds.
It also has to be remembered that in the late ’50s, Mountbatten was still around, and pushing for carriers, so pushing through an order for Clemenceaus would have been doable. The problem was that the project just rolled ever onwards, with no real progress made (new designs, updated designs, but nothing really settled upon). By the time the CVA-01 came to the ‘go or no go’ point, Labour was in charge, and just said ‘no’! Clemenceaus would be at a much earlier point, being built in the late ’50s, and would have been in service by the early to mid ’60s.
One possibility that might have real benefits would have been the UK ordering too many, perhaps as many as five (not unreasonable thinking at the time), and then selling one to Australia. This would of course have allowed Australia to stay in the carrier business much longer, possibly even using Hornets off the ‘other’ Melbourne!!
Basically, cost reasons were valid, but they really didn’t favour either option – rebuilds were cheaper in the short term, but handicapped the entire fleet in the long term. New builds would have been a bit of a struggle in the short term, but have solved a lot of problems in the long term.
They really were cheaper, I dont have the figures at hand but I will try and find them later. They did not just appear cheaper they genuinely were, even Victorious which was the most radical of the rebuilds. Indeed such rebuilds were the RN’s only hope. The 1950s carrier design has had a bit of a renaissance of late, in reality it was only ever intended to be one ship and the metal for it was to have been provided by scrapping the Hunt class escort ships! The other factor that was a serious hamper to the RN’s building fantasys was a lack of dockyard workers and materials. There were serious complaints about how much steel was being used in military programs ad even when the metal could be found ships often found themselves waiting on plumbers and electricians who had been stripped from the dockyards to work on land based reconstruction, playing second fiddle to this was civilian shipbuilding with the RN at the bottom of the heap. It also needs to be remembered that the Victorious Eagle and Hermes reconstructions were very extravagant even for their day, type-984 for instance. Smaller carriers would have been just as hard to justify as big ones, esepcially the way that the RAF and government (not just a labour feature) anti carrier lobby was becoming effective.
Again I seriously recommend Vanguard to Trident.
based on the answer here it seems that
1. perhaps the biggest reason is political. France used to be a good alternate source of western equipment, but these days, has found difficult competition from Russians who once sold degraded models, but are now selling models better than what they operate for much less. Cheaper US aircraft due to a weaker dollar as well as an abundance of used ones. And that France as of late, has a tendency to tack on other products to customers that they don’t really want. Also the stronger Euro doesn’t help as well yes?
2. hardware wise, the French (in the Rafale’s case) excelled in the light fighter niche and should’ve stuck to it.. but instead attempted to go heavier and more complicated making a “compromise” fighter that is great for France, but difficult to purchase for many other nations who cant afford it or don’t need its advanced and more complicated abilities. Others who can afford it, find its abilities to be too immature at the moment. Also, it has to compete with a saturation of used equipment of the same generation technology that came earlier (or to make it simple, the French counterpart came a little too late).
some thoughts.
often I hear that the Rafale is too pricey..yet most sources I’ve read indicate it is slightly cheaper than the Typhoon, yet the Tyhoon has had some limited export success outside of the original 4. Also, the Rafale’s systems are immature, but isn’t the Typhoon’s as well?
on the Leclerc, is its size and autoloader actually a downside? on tanknet at least, many vet tankers prefer a human loader but of course, in political purchases, It doesn’t seem that they factor this in yes? Leclerc has been in a number of trials I believe.. I’m not sure but I think its been in the Swedish, Greek and Turkish trials. how did it fare there?
Also, as sated earlier, French navy equipment has been more successful. however in comparison to say the tank and aircraft market, one could argue subs, frigates, etc are more saturated with a variety of competitors, how did the French exceed here but not in sales of the above products?
Leclerc, the autoloader issue is far from conclusive, veteran tankers do seem to prefer having a loader but usually they have not been tankers in Leclercs, its size does not make any difference, its problem is that it came at the worst possible time to achieve export success.
The Typhoon may be immature, but with 4 partner nations and two export customers under its belt there is a lot more confidence that greater potential will be extraxted from it due to the larger base of customer requirements and funding.
It is a great pity that the RN didn’t get new carriers in the ’50s, especially given all the difficulties with the rebuilds. In the end, the UK paid for refits on Victorious, Eagle and Ark Royal, and yet none of them really lasted long enough to justify the significant costs. Hermes did last, but not as a fleet carrier, and ended up being modified a number of times. I do wonder whether Gannet AEWs could have operated off her had they left a side cat and arrestor gear on her, even after her conversion to Harrier carrier. This could have helped a fair bit in the Falklands!
I would argue that in place of the refits in the ’50s, the UK could probably have bought a couple of the French Clemenceau class. This obviously would have been a problem in terms of Phantoms (i.e. it would rule out Phantoms…), but the RN had originally looked at Crusaders, so it should still work. Although the Clemenceaus were a little on the small side, they could still have operated a reasonable airwing of Crusaders and Buccaneers. The other thing to remember is that Crusaders could have been replaced after 20 years by Hornets – Phantoms or Tomcats are obviously not an option, but Hornets were entirely possible.
The reason why the rebuilds were pursued was becouse they were economical, if new ships had been cheaper they would have been purchased. The RN always wanted the Phantom, to the extent that when they were told they had to have the P.1154 for the CVA-01 they tried to turn it into a phantom, massive radar, two speys and catapult launching.
f the Colossus, Majestic and Hermes type CVL’s had not been built, where does that leave the various countries that operated them?
Do the US Indepenedence class get used instead – does this potentially increase the number of Harrier operators?
With no Colossus etc being built, do we see more Implacables or Audacious’ under construction by the end of WW2?
With no LFC’s, does the RN see more chance of the 1952 carrier design being built?
It would almost certainly have made no difference to the eventual number of Harrier operators, those countries that gradually withdrew from the carrier game over time did so through their own decision based largely on cost and would have made the same decisions whether they were operating light fleet carriers or escort carriers, both types would have come to ten ends of their viable lives at about the same time and potential replacements would still have cost the same as they would have done in the real world.
Certainly the RN could have decided against the light fleet carriers and pursued a policy of purely fleet carriers but even post war this was not part of RN doctrine for some considerable time (see Vanguard to Trident by Dr Eric J Grove, without doubt the must read cornerstone text for anybody interested in the post world war 2 history of the RN), had it have been to build solely fleet carriers the Audacious class probably would have been sped up and made more numerous, however this may actually have turned out even worse for an RN that post war was left in a perpetual state financial crisis, ie still no 1952 carrier.
And why not?
The builders, plumbers, bricklayers, electricians who constructed the house have all been paid and used that money to the benefit of their own families.
The local Curry’s or Comet have made a margin on the 30″ television which has supported the families of the staff who are far better employed than claiming dole.. The retailer had paid business rates that subsidise services for the local community. The profit is paid out as dividends to the shareholders, the bulk of whom are pension funds that will support people in their old age.
I really don’t see your point
Moggy
That is exactly my point, if a human beings posessions are to be limited to those that he can justify as a specific need then we would once again be descending down a path to all those utopias that perpetually sit just beyond reach for the misery that enforcing them courses. Human kind is a materialistic species it is one of the many factors that seperate us from the rest of the earths organism, it is why socialism never works and why if you were to put your average modern man into a wilderness he would survive only for a short period.
Think about it, what do human beings actually need? food, water and shelter depending on weather conditions, an attempt was made to strip society back to this in Cambodia………..didnt turn out so well.
And why not?
The builders, plumbers, bricklayers, electricians who constructed the house have all been paid and used that money to the benefit of their own families.
The local Curry’s or Comet have made a margin on the 30″ television which has supported the families of the staff who are far better employed than claiming dole.. The retailer had paid business rates that subsidise services for the local community. The profit is paid out as dividends to the shareholders, the bulk of whom are pension funds that will support people in their old age.
I really don’t see your point
Moggy
That is exactly my point, if a human beings posessions are to be limited to those that he can justify as a specific need then we would once again be descending down a path to all those utopias that perpetually sit just beyond reach for the misery that enforcing them courses. Human kind is a materialistic species it is one of the many factors that seperate us from the rest of the earths organism, it is why socialism never works and why if you were to put your average modern man into a wilderness he would survive only for a short period.
Think about it, what do human beings actually need? food, water and shelter depending on weather conditions, an attempt was made to strip society back to this in Cambodia………..didnt turn out so well.
The power pack is very good,but also suffer from overheating.I’m big fan of Soviet/Russian tanks and now is obvious that if western tanks want to lose weight and reduse their size,they must trow out the loader.Some facts for comparison.Abrams have 21 m3 of volume that need to be armored,Leopard have 19.6 ,Leclerc only 17.5 and T-90 with…11.04.So even with lower weight the armour level can be almost equal..Also the front panel is 2.7 m2 for Abrams,2.2 fo Leopard and 1.6 for Leclerc.
It is interesting that the new Korean MBT seems to follow the same approach as the french in that it uses a compact power pack and an autoloader to produce an over all smaller package but with comparable protection. It will be interesting to see what the Turks come up with, they are supposedly working on a new tank with Germany and it will be intriguing to see which route they take.
Basically the Leclerc is an outstanding tank, possibly a world leader, but it came at exactly the wrong time to be an export success.
Isn’t “I would like one and it’s my money” a good enough justification?
Moggy
Precisely, like why couples without children buy 3 bedroomed houses or why people get 30inch HD televisions.