No point refrigerating it when ambient air at cruise altitude is already -50 deg C.
Probably has additional uses in WVR combat:

Can someone tell me what the intakes on the base of the leading edge of the tailfins are for?
Heat exchanger ram air intakes.
Haavarla, here it is @ 14:00:
Incidentally, here from 10s to 20s we see the T-50’s post stall flat spin. Firstly controlled by differential LEVCON deflection (port) and then corrected by differential LEVCON deflection (starboard):
If those aren’t yawing moments, then I don’t know what are.
…but I though it had been cancelled.
I don’t think so:
http://www.reactionengines.co.uk/press_release.html
A US long-range hypersonic striker will certainly be a reality sometime next decade – if it’s not already (X-37B/C).
…I doubt they are used for that, but don`t want to comment on that because I don`t know. In any case they managed to do more with less. Much smaller vertical tails reduce RCS, drag and weight and are fully movable which has many other advantages.
Specifically for supersonic speeds, I would speculate that differential LEVCON deflection, where one is loaded and the other unloaded (with only a minor drag penalty), would create the required pressure differentials for directional stability/yaw control – but the deflection angles would be marginal compared to the acute angles seen in the subsonic regime.
Remember, the T-50 avoids both the F-22’s humongous vertical stabilisers and the J-20’s ventral fins for good reason.
You don’t need much in the way of fancy devices if you reshape the fuse to avoid it inducing the unstable yaw moment in the first place.
I’m sure you’ll also enlighten me as to how the PAK-FA or F-22 does this.
Furthermore, while a canard is usually always a LEVCON, a LEVCON is not always a canard…
As feared, your *intervention* over the past couple of pages has consisted only of ‘strawman’ arguments, pretty much a pattern of yours throughout the whole forum.
The F-22 doesn’t have this (or any other contemporary feature) that’s the whole friggin’ point.
Your missing context, a lack of understanding and comprehension of what applies where and when.
Oh really?
Differential deflection of the canard creates differential pressures on the side of the forebody, and hence yawing moment.
The fully deflected starboard LEVCON induces a pressure differential which counteracts the spin on its yaw axis (also the Cg) and in conjunction with TVC, drags the nose to starboard…
Though TVC greatly assists, this is testament to the power of the LEVCON as a lateral control surface (aside from high AoA), still operating in attached flow when wing and elevator are already fully stalled.
I think it’s time for you to CTRL_ALT_DEL.
I know it has all to do with subsonic AoA, in terms of placement, size and angle. Incase you didn’t read earlier – I got this direct from the horses mouth.
Do you realise that levcons operate in the vertical plane, whereas vertical fins and stablisers are mainly horizontal (lateral?) OK, you could argue roll control in differential movement, but that is not lateral stability.
Furthermore, do you not realise Levcons are there to (1)reduce drag in level flight and (2)act as a more optimised alternative to fixed LERX at high AoA? In supersonic flight, you don’t do high AoA.
You can quote that little power point all you want, but tell me this, do aircraft still feature auxiliary wing flaps to deal with compressibility over aerofoils? Of course not – design has moved on.
:rolleyes: The difference between being able to read and being able to comprehend I guess.
Well, why don’t you enlighten us with these new devices for supersonic yaw control?
Meantime, let me enlighten you on a principle function of the LEVCON:
Wind-tunnel testing also showed that differential canard deflection was capable of generating yawing moments of roughly the same magnitude as the thrust vectoring vanes currently in place on the X-31 in the post-stall regime…
Me thinks you might need to add a Point (3) to your paragraph above.
Yeah they have- from the B-2 (subsonic split ailerons), to the T-50 (supersonic differential LEVCON).
Will be interesting to see what Northrop come up with for their 6G fighter – I’d guess something like the X-36 with a dash of LEVCON (seconding T-ViP)…..But here we’re talking specifically about the Y/F-22 and last time I checked the Raptor incorporates none of these devices.
From inception the YF-22 had oversized vertical stabilisers and guess what? – decades later post redesign & cropping they’re still humongous!
If you’re adamant that has all to do with subsonic AoA and nothing to do with this:
Supersonic Directional Instability
• Reduced vertical stabilizer
effectiveness with increasing Mach
number…
Then, imho, your assertion’s absurd.
By M you mean? Mach?
M = Mach?
No, I meant Mangoes.
Cop-out.
Charging headlong off a cliff is becoming a habit of yours:
Wind tunnel results showed an ultra-sensitive relationship between the placement of the vertical tails and the design of the forward fuselage. The interactions could not be predicted accurately by analysis or by computational fluid dynamics*. The airflow over the forebody at certain angles of attack affects the control power exerted by the twin rudders on the vertical tails.
*Obviously CFD software used on the T-50 has come a long way since the late 1980s.
Utterly irrelevant. At supersonic speeds you’ve too much vertical tail area (and that applies to PAK-FA too).
If so, who told you increasing Mach = reduced lateral stability? [for a fixed vertical fin size]
Page 11 or 6/21:
https://www.google.co.jp/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.princeton.edu/~stengel/MAE331Lecture22.pdf&ved=0ahUKEwjUhZHC_bDLAhXFbxQKHfrKD-oQFgggMAM&usg=AFQjCNFdzYpQvfIuZ9IprA2zoBjKDCZ-zA&sig2=JeVu2P7I_YVb_E5ZF0Dang
Note what the F-100 solution was.
T-ViP,
…then again the big vertical tails of the F-22 are large for a reason.
I would guess it’s the inverse relationship between directional/lateral stability and increased M, anyways thanks for finding the links.
Actually, there may be an additional reason why the T-50 has dinky tail fins- I just remembered it has another tool at its disposal as regards directional stability. Below, it corrects an anti-clockwise flat spin whilst free falling (you can see a near vertical vortex stream off the tip of its nose).
The fully deflected starboard LEVCON induces a pressure differential which counteracts the spin on its yaw axis (also the Cg) and in conjunction with TVC, drags the nose to starboard.
Though TVC greatly assists, this is testament to the power of the LEVCON as a lateral control surface (aside from high AoA), still operating in attached flow when wing and elevator are already fully stalled.
Have you mapped them through the longitudinal axis?
I’m sure when accurate T-50 dimensions become available, those who think the F-22 is a ‘fatty’ will be vindicated.
In what flight condition?
Take your pick.
Which are things one cannot discern from photos.
Never said they could.
W.T.F?
The large vertical fins are there for high AoA subsonic flight, not supersonics.
…You don’t need much in the way of yaw authority at supersonic speeds.
Does vertical stabiliser effectiveness (directional stability) increase or decrease with increasing M?
Not really. It suggests the two vortices off the chines are loading/unloading the vertical fins at particular parts of the high AoA flight regime, but doesn’t say much beyond that. Its not ideal, but may still be optimal.
If you want an example of an aircraft with severe aerodynamic problems, look at any Hornet variant.
You’ll find the answer in US DoD GAO reports from a decade ago.
I believe it is the PAK-FA.
But not because of the vertical fin sizing.
I implied fin sizing was indicative, not a reason.
Because the T-50 and F-22 are dimensionally similar. I’ve provided frontal views of both the F-22 and T-50 side by side, both are from official sources (from USAF, and from Sukhoi patent, respectively), and their frontal areas are almost the same…
You’re doing it again! When accurate dimensions of the T-50 are not known simply scaling up or down a frontal view simply won’t cut it. You know full well it is the smallest increments that can make all the difference (e.g. Eurofighter AMK).
Objectively, you will have to acknowledge that the F-22’s forebody does indeed look a lot fatter (specifically the cross-sectional area) than the T-50’s – this is primarily due to intake/S-duct and w/bay arrangement.
The dearth of accurate/credible details means this ‘eyeball’ analysis is perfectly valid- much the same as visually comparing a 757 with a 767.
Yes, but ‘pointy noses’ aside you are the one pushing the dimensional similarities of the F-22 & T-50. Look at the respective pilots helmets & upper torso and compare to fuselage size in paralay’s pic. Imho, debunks your notion that both aircraft have “similar cross-sectional areas” particularly the fuselage forebody.
In which case, out of the T-50 and F-22, which adheres more faithfully to the ‘Area Rule’? Which is likely to have the superior aerodynamic lift-to-drag ratio? This is before we even get into elements like airfoil-BL seperation, chord, supersonic wave and trim drag etc.etc.
For example, the F-22 has humongous vertically stabilisers. Why? Probably because the non-linear airflow patterns emanating from the engine inlets, chines and wing root are particularly acute and therefore require huge vertical fins with a large surface area to provide directional stability during supersonic flight conditions.
To what extent the T-50 utilises TVC for yaw control at supersonic speeds is open to debate, but I would suggest that it’s dinky-all moving tail fins are testament to its superb (particularly trans & supersonic) aerodynamic design.
Obviously, for the F-22 this means an increase in weight of the vertical stabs (and, consequently, the aircraft as a whole) – as well as an increase in drag. The F-22’s vertical stabs also required structural strengthening and partial redesign as a direct consequence of unforeseen high buffet loads and vibration midway through its flight test programme. This would suggest the aerodynamic *problems* are particularly endemic.
Yes the F-22 has an outstanding T/Wr, thanks to its F119s which it needs to put to good use – but which is the most aerodynamically efficient?
Nothing to do with ac, they’re talking about hardware architecture and their version of this:
Actually, Modi should be applauded for shifting the focus to more pressing needs. Developments like this lessen the need for 36 Rafales:
http://www.wanda-group.com/2016/latest_0125/1111.html
Besides, India was ranked #1 for FDI in H1/2015 (US$31bn) for the first time. Clearly, the purchase of Rafales at exorbitant prices is not conducive to such a ‘Make in India’ business climate.
It’s tbc, but apparently Airbus has offered to set up a local production line for Eurofighter and EJ200 dubbed ‘Eurofighter City’, if true the smart money would have to be on them.