There is an interesting systems behind airport codes, let me explain. Many airport codes are simply the first three letters of the city name: MIA is Miami and SYD is Sydney. Then you can go down into multiple cities like DFW for Dallas Fort Worth etc. Sometimes the city name lends itself to one letter for each word, POS for Port of Spain.
There is also the name of the airport rather than the city served like JFK or CDG. Then there is the total lack of letters that gives way to some strange ones like MCI for Orlando. In the USA you also can go into numbers because of the number of airports, however, this system is only used on airfields etc.
Four letter codes are used by ATC and weather agencies as an indicator. They work from global to local with the first letter of the code is relating to the part of the world and the second letter the country. The third letter is a group of airports within that country and the fourth for the name. An example being L for Southern Europe (E for north), F for France, P for Paris and G for CDG, LFPG. Or how about Munich with E for Northern Europe, D for Deutchland, M for Munich flight information region and M again for the Munich airport, EDMM.
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