Large scale extermitation was, indeed, often provoked by partisans. On the other hand, official german doctrine was what all slavic, juwish, etc. natioanalities are “underhumans” and they was handled accordinly, including burning villages with all womens, childrens, etc for a single killed german soldier. The very some relation we can see from British, American, Turkish ,etc. goverements to they enemies. If even german WW2 behavior you dont accept as genocide, then i dont know what you mean by “genocide”. Certainly, there are no such examples in Iraq or Iran, or, for that matter, in other countries. So saying what West is supposely somehow different here is a bogus.
If you don’t want to understand, I can’t help you. If you read my text word by word and include key elements like ‘often’, you can maybe reconsider your post.
Half of it is lifted straight from a USAF internal report… is that not “professional enough” for you?
As for the B-2 flying low, has it not been designed with that in mind as well as high altitude penetration – otherwise it would not have the terrain following radar onboard.
If an S-400 is capable of detecting a B-2 at altitude, sure as hell, it will start flying low.
As always Stealth is not the total invisibility to radar. If the B-2 flies over “Radar-City”, it can be detected. Therefore it would fly routes with low radar coverage (brings the advantage of unpredictable flightpath), monitor enemy radar stations and if a very dangerous area has to crossed, a low-level flight might be an option.
There are obvious advantages to having much of the aircraft in wing. Less bending loads by distributing the weight along the lifting surface, less parasite drag.
Airplanes have their fuel in wing tanks if they can and only have fuselage tanks if they have not enough wing volume. The engines are often mounted on wing rather than on fuselage – again, less structural bending loads. The main landing gear is accommodated in bays inside the wing if possible – having it all in fuselage is difficult.
People, however, like fuselage with windows and evacuation exits.
What about luggage? Is there any strong structural reason why cargo bays for checked luggage and other cargo cannot be made inside the wing?
Fuselage is circular, so their is lots of space unused in the fuselage. Luggage normally has low density. There is no point for storing it in the wing, especially the oprational disadvatage could not be offset by any gain in performance. Additionally is it very critical to have large rooms in the wing or anything like doors. Fuel doesn’t care if its room is full with spares and ribs, but luggage does.
I cant remember any real STATE genocid in 20th century among developed countries except Hitler’s WW2. Even Turskish-Armenian genocid was rather like a very bloody civil war. Even China-Japan WW2 conflict dont fall in that category. Despite millions of deaths. Of course, we dont count African countries here.
But, if we count every major racial-based cleanup, indirectly supported by goverment, then we can safely point to almost any West country. Each of them done something like that with hundreds of thousands or even millions deaths. As i said, Vietnam and Algeria are good examples here. Hitlers – but before also cleanup what affected millions of germans in Poland in 30x. Juwish hunt in Ukraine and Baltic countries in 1920th, with hundreds thousands dead juwish – and that long before Hitler. Britain empire in 19th and 20th centrury – several not-so-small nationalities was completely wiped from the world. Millions deaths. North American native population – 19th and even beginning 20th century – millions of deaths. That list can grow and grow. Thats something every one should learn in the shool, so they dont allow they goverments repeat mistakes of the past.
The given examples like Korea and Vietnam or Iraq were/are no planned kill of people, they were/are rather waste of civilian lives due to carelessness, lack of interest and a general shortfall of tactical options. The US did not bomb Vietnam or Japan to extinct the Vietnamese/Japanese but because they didn’t know what to do else.
German actions in Eastern Europe were often retaliation actions and the hunt for “partisans”, which were defined as 100% of the male population between 14 and 65 in an area with partisan activity. Here again due to the inability to solve the problem in a different way.
Shooting and bombing is the thing the military can do best and it is always the fall-back option if all the other things don’t work (or hurt too bad).
here the HUD data in plain english
“alpha 19.5”: attack angle
“M 0.37”: Mach
“G 1.9 [currently]/7.6”: G force, maximum load 7.6very slow dogfight.
Interesting how much people can write without having sligthest knowlegde (with some exeptions of course like the fellow I quoted).
With M0.37 and 19.5 degrees of alpha in 16.000ft the F-18 (or whatever) isn’t really in a favorable position. Next second it just falls out of the sky. If it was a dogfight, it was a very strange one and the F-22 (or whatever) was fooling around. In that altitude no F-22 (or any other fighter) would get so slow.
The “hunter” is himself in a pretty bad condition, having a miserable energy state and flying on the left edge of his flight envelope.
The US has pretty much sworn off dumb bombs in favor of PGMs and those PGMs are being downsized from 2000lb GBU-24/-31s to 250lb GBU-39s. The F-22 and JSF Program offices’ stated reason is reduction of civilian casualties and collateral damage – this is mandated from the top of the Pentagon. Reduction of civilian casualties is one reason concrete-filled LGBs were used in OIF. The next step is to start using ViperStrike from UAVs, which weighs a mere 44 lbs.
The US Army has also been hammered by the Pentagon. They have the GMLRS and APKWS II in place of area fire from tube artillery and Hellfires respectively.
The idea is to “kill ’em with an ice pick instead of a sledge hammer”.
And the little additional reason that 250lb weigths only one eigth of the 2000lb thing, so an aircraft can carry eight times the load and attack 8 targets instead of 1. Due to very precise guidance the lower yield does the job, too. Consider that destructive power reduces with square of distance. A 250lb bomb 20ft of the target has the same destructive power like a 2000lb 60ft of the target.
And consider WW2: To attack a factory a force of several hundred bombers were needed, requiring thousands of crew and several thousands of ground support, often with embarassing results. Today a 4ship of F-15E could deliver enough bombs that have the same effect if targets are chosen well.
Alan Warnes mentioned in his article on Masroor AFB that the Grifo-M on the Mirage-III ROSE, gives an interception capability of upto 20-25 km (some can provide the exact figure if he has the issue) and this is pretty good for an airforce without BVR capability.
F-5 and J-7 (not Bison) comparison,
As I quoted one can assume that third world countries don’t use their air power in a professional manner. Hence we can assume that they don’t purchase it in a professional manner, either.
Supersonic fighters with performance like a J-7 are wasted money, short-legged sportcars without any use beyond point-defense interceptors. The F-5 is maybe more versatile (and was specially designed for poor countries), but still does not represent an optimum solution.
But third world leaders like to see their kingdom being equipped with supersonic fighters. So the enemy be fearful. That is doesn’t make sense is another story.
I disagree with you over the BVR of the F-4 etc, why? Because there was no guns on the aircraft in the case of the F-4, and no (well, little) design consideration for manouverability. It was basically a big, heavy, long range launch platform.
even a two-seat fighter like the Phantom will have a hard time to find a target, track it, fire the missile and follow it and finally destroy it, and that all beyond visual range. If it is a big bomber maybe, but a small and agile fighter. No targeting against earth.
Let’s say it this way: The Phantom could be BVR under beneficial conditions, while today’s fighters can do it under all conditions with half the crew. The computer rules!
The article shows some sense for humor as the unability of BVR-weapons is reasoned with the inability of the USS Stark to defend against two Exocets. The Exocets are active radar homing missiles (like the AMRAAM) and were fired beyond visual range.
The problem is often less technical than tactical: The pilot needs to be aware and really understand the situation. Modern aircraft which offer battle-space information in an unmatched matter are key to BVR victory.
Calling fighters like early Phantoms or MiG-23 ‘BVR’ is rather optimistic. They have their SARH missiles because the early IR missiles were sueless beyond 5km or could only acquire the exhaust pipe.
It is interesting that, not all, but most of the Bush supporters, and those who support the “rule the
Universe” doctrine of that administration, gloss over the barbarity and the uncivilized
indifference in killing hundreds of innocent people. The indifference is displayed though braging
about the power to kill the said civilians, without any retaliation by the Iranians whom showed
restraint and class, by not killing “innocent” Americans.
You are – like always – completely wrong. While USA has the ability to kill many civilians, the costly development of a B-2 enables it to end a war pretty fast. If (very big if) the opponent accepts its defeat and does not play the “humanitarian” card. Dead civilians are often instrumentalised to show the babarianism of the enemy.
Israel in my knowledge never bombed civilian targets on purpose in the wars of 1967 and 1973.
The easier way would be to use updated B-52s and carpet bomb Tehran. And when you think of great AD-system to defend against that: You will be surprised who inefficient Iranian SAMs would be against the current B-52H. If a very big-RWR bomber can intrude a “denied” airspace without suffering tremendous losses (=10%), then who they want to shoot down a B-2?
BTW: I’m neither American nor do I like Bush.
Likewise. A very good discussion on the realities of air forces.
A little bit seperated to the ongoing smash on Singapurs F-5.
The following excerpts are from a text about the Iran-Iraq-War. They support your statements. The text is by Anthony Cordesman.
Losses is one thing. Effectiveness is another. Even if you limit losses, your effectiveness might not be there.
[…]
Ethiopia/Eritrea and Iraq/Iraq bombed each other but it had little effect either way.
A variety of factors sharply limited the ability of fixed wing aircraft to provide effective close air support, although helicopters were somewhat more successful.The main limiting factors were the target mix, widespread proliferation of area and point defense anti-aircraft weapons, problems in technology transfer, and problems in command and control and battle management.
Efforts at interdiction of land forces and strategic bombing had mixed success. The interdiction mission presented many of the same problems as flying close air support. The strategic mission presented problems in range-payload capability, but the key problems were political and the result of a failure to commit sufficient resources to specific targets with the mass and consistency necessary to be effective.
[…]
By and large, however, the main lessons of the air war are lessons in the limits of technology transfer and in the critical importance of assessing the degree to which friendly and threat forces in the Third World can actually use the weapons they obtain.
Close Air Support
Both Iran and Iraq generally proved unable to use fixed wing air power effectively to provide close-air support of their military forces. The Iranian Air Force was marginally better able than Iraq in carrying out attack missions at the start of the war, but numerous observers confirm the fact that the Iraqi Army could still operate with near indifference to the risk of Iranian air attacks against anything other than large, fixed-area targets.
Interdiction
Neither Iran nor Iraq showed great capability to hit small to medium-sized interdiction targets, like bridges, although Iraq’s performance has improved since early 1987. Both sides also had trouble locating and attacking rear area targets like large daytime movements of armor, even when these movements were unaccompanied by any air defense.
to lessons learned from that:
First, one cannot assume that Third World airpower will be committed realistically or with a professional understanding of the results.
Second, forces with more sophisticated training, reconnaissance capability, attack aircraft and munitions, and command structures may be far more effective relative to Third World air forces than there numbers indicate.
Strategic Bombing
Iraq had a virtually monopoly on strategic bombing after 1982, but rarely achieved more significant strategic effects. This can be partly explained by the fact that many key Iranian targets were barely within range of Iraq’s fighter-bombers when they flew demanding flight profiles, and were difficult for Iraq to attack. The key factors limiting the effectiveness of Iraqi strikes, however, seem to have been a mixture of political restraint to minimize the risk of more land attacks on Iraq, Iraq’s exaggeration of the impact of limited attacks and failure to accurately appraise the limits to its success, and Iraq’s desire to reduce aircraft losses. There is little doubt that if Iraq had repeatedly attacked in the numbers required against key targets like power plants, refineries, water facilities, and less protected oil facilities, it could have had a far more decisive effect.
These are just quotes of a rather lengthy discussion. But it shows that despite the equipment of the Iraqis (MiG-23BN, F-1) the effects were limited. Same applies for Iran (F-4, F-5) while Iran had the problem of limited spares which reduced its sortie rates, which especially hampered interdiction.
Most interesting is the emphasis of the author on the limited recon and the inability to detect and interdict large movements of troops.
So, as contribution to the thread title one may ask what a third world nation can do with a modern fighter like the F-16, which has despite its small size a pretty good mission envelope. Any subsonic fighter (A-4 for example) is sufficient to do peacetime patrol tasks. Even if your neighboring 3rd world enemy has supersonic fighter-bombers, it is unlikely that he can make big use of it (see above). A subsonic fighter costs about half to one third of its supersonic conterpart.
Interestingly there is no modern A-4 (or A-7) one the market.
The latest generation fighters such as the MiG-29OVT and Su-35BM have thrust vecoring to improve agility, the reason it has not been fitted to many fighters was engine technology and price costs, if you remember the americans had the F-15 ACTIVE and F-16 VISTA, besides the X-31, all those fighters were not put into service simply because of the F-22, why? costs and lack of stealth.
See that the Mig-29OVT is far far more complex than the F-15 ACTIVE and only is comparable to the F-16 VISTA
Germany insisted in thrust vectoring in the Eurofighter program, India has some powerful Su-30MKIs, the reality thrust vectoring has many uses, but economic and practical limitations have limited the application of the F-15 ACTIVE into operational service in the USAF or the Su-35BM in Russian service.
The MiG-29OVT is super agile simply to have super manueovrability.
I don’t think so.
F-15 active was a pure test program and actually was focussed on exploring the possibilities of thrust vectoring. The X-31 went even a step beyond that, but still was a test program. The F-22 uses the TVC for example to manouver more efficient in supersonic regime, as it can change its flightpath without using elevators. That is beneficial for drag and means less energy consumed in turns.
As Su-27 and MiG-29 are far away from being supercruisy, they won’t need it too much (at least not for that purpose).
TVC is like a joker you can use for many purposes.
Germany may have launched TVC for the Eurofighter (and the EJ-200 has a TVC-version), however, nobody talks of this feature at the moment due to the doubtful cost/gain ratio.
The term “super manueovrability” still doesn’t answer the question of sense.
super manueovrability = superfluent
Well the MiG-29 is excellent at those speeds, i doubt what you are saying a lot so then why the Eurofighter is called the most agile fighter at supersonic speeds? or the F-22 has thrust vectoring or the Su-35 has it?
The F-22 was designed with TVC from the beginning on. Totally different thing than retrofitting it. You can reduce stress levels and achieve required manouvres different. If you already designed the aircraft it is less helpful. The Su-xx may use it to reduce airframe g-load as it is a little more “flexible” than other aircraft (due to its size and weight). If loaded the airframe can only sustain (or is only cleared for) ‘low’-G manouvres.
After WWII, airpower unless it is delivered by American aircraft (whether by US or Israeli hands) is generally secondary and supportive. It is not decisive.
Again, when discussing the US, it’s a totally different animal. The numbers and quality of the American air arms are simply beyond comprehension and they could affect the course of war.
I very much appreciate your post.
I just want to add that air-to-ground capability can be useful, but to a very limited extend. The target choice is limited. If you have a fighter like F-5, A-4 or A-7 available (or any eastern counterpart like Su-17/-22, MiG-21/23BN), your are limited to a few 100km behind enemy lines (or better: your airport) and to targets of high value (brigdes, headquarters, etc) and low armor. Often underestimated is the necessity for clear identification of targets and mission planning.
A strategic campaign is difficult with limited assets, battlefield interdiction hardly possible and normally connected with high losses. Same applies for close-air-support.
The psychological side-eefect of having a fighter may be bigger than its actual value in combat. Being able to bomb the opponents capital, even only with a dozen small bombs, may change the strategic picture in favor of your side. This helps in limited wars.
If you watch this video the Sukhoi company consider already the Su-35BM will handle so well the Eurofighter they made a video to show it
Low-speed performance looks well on air shows. What normally counts is the level manouverability (if it counts at all) between M0.8 and M1.2. Lower speeds were maybe useful in times with less powerful fighters.
The agility will not be the key driver for any decision on future aircraft. The -OVT is more a demonstration that this technology can be fitted to the airframe. I anyhow expect the fade of the MiG-29 and the manufacturer himself settled. It will be merged with Sukhoi in a few years.