Sorry but you’re the one that was calling them RAM. Which they aren’t.
“Want to see an example of heat resistant RAM? Go check the window of your microwave oven.”
Salisbury and Jaumann screens are counted as RAM. Basically, dielectric RAM (e.g. ceramic, carbon fiber, composite matrices) use such screens embedded. Also there are other ways to create reentrant or recursive echoes, like embedding specifically sized radar reflective pyramids inside the material.
If the window of your microwave oven isn’t RAM, your brains would be roasted along with your dinner if you stare at the window.
This is from the Russian article on the effort to reverse engineer the D-21 from the recovered example:
“Fifth. the 0-21 contained a great amount 01
non-metallic materials, Our specialists were
specifically marvelled by ItS fuselage thermal
protection comprising a layer 01 elastic porous
mass eight to ten millimetres thick. which consisted
of empty glass mlcrospheres 60-120
microns in diameter held together by lightweight
non-organic substance. This insulation material
was lurther covered with thermal-resistant elastic
black film.”I wonder if it’s purposes might have been as RAM rather than heat insulation. Seems to me there were numerous simpler and cheaper ways to deal with heat.
LOL. The black film is intended to protect the layer underneath. It is what it is said: thermal resistant. That’s its role.
What you described as the layer having the spheres is most likely the radar absorbent part.
They’re not “absorbing” squat. The holes are smaller than the wavelength of the emitter so it looks like a flat plate (i.e. a flat reflector). Sheesh.
Sheesh. Its about time you should learn what Salisbury and Jaumann screens are. And by the way, the wavelengths used on microwave ovens are extremely short.
Might want to check into what they were looking at for the XB-70.
On the throttles? You might want to put the beer down.
How about the RAM on the D-21 then? Mach 3+ and how many years ago?
Does the D-21 drone actually use RAM? It only looks to me it has a low RCS by its design. However, small radar cross section by the standards of the sixties also includes a MiG-21.
And if you’re just hitting on my typo mistakes, I guess you ran out of the technical arguments.
That’s not RAM, it’s a friggin’ metal screen. Because of the size of the “holes” in the screen it appears to be a flat metal plate. No different than the screens over the intakes on the F-117.
And that’s RAM for you. For the uneducated bozos it looks like a friggin’ metal screen. You don’t realize that the size of the holes are carefully and precisely measured against the wavelength of the emission they’re absorbing.
Funny that you would say that when you obviously don’t know what you’re talking about.
LOL. You still obviously don’t know what you are talking about.
Yeah, anybody who’s ever read anything about the Blackbird (or even looked at one) knows that. None of what you said has anything to do with temperature problems. In fact as far back as the 60’s they’ve been working with ceramic-based RAM. No temperature issues. Hell, what do you think they have in the F-22’s nozzle interior?
Want to see an example of heat resistant RAM? Go check the window of your microwave oven. It doesn’t have to be inside a jet’s nozzle.
First of all you sure don’t know how radar absorbtion works. The method I mentioned to you about the Blackbird isn’t affected by temperature at all but it does require significant interior space, something a missile doesn’t have. Some people like to call it structural RAM; another way to call it is Anechoic or Dielectric RAM.
Furthermore, ceramic matrix can’t be applied on the surface like some form of paint. Actually anything that uses a matrix, meaning it has specific sized chambers for recursive echoing, is also frequency dependent. Meaning the size of the matrix involved is catered to a specific bandwidth, and becomes less effective or not at all, on others. Like all RAM dependent on principles of recursive echoing, they are space dependent in proportion to frequency. Same here with carbon fiber, or things that embed pyramids into plastic or composite. If the frequency is short, so is the space requirement. But if the frequency is long, there goes the space requirement as well. Let me ask you something, how thick is that ceramic matrix on the F-22’s throttles and would it be applicable on a much smaller airframe like a Brahmos missile? I don’t ever believe we will get the exact number, but as a descriptive answer, I would say it won’t be thin enough to serve as the skin for a highly space constrained missile. Probably a bit too heavy to boot.
The thing about magnetic RAM is that they are not as frequency and size dependent, though they still depend like everything else, on frequency attenuation. That’s what’s so effective about “iron ball” paint. Ferric based paint is most especially effective against fire control radars and still somehow affect search radars to a lesser degree. Its fairly simple in concept, to implement and apply and hence it is the most widely used. Our popular idea of RAM has more to do with this than anything else. However, magnetic RAM is affected by temperature because magnetic particles can be demagnetized by heat.
They’re not much a threat if they’re off now are they. :rolleyes:
No, even if they’re on there are many ways to mask their presence. Same with AEW radars too. But I’m not in any mood to write a voluminous amount of text to explain the basics.
That’d be a surprise to the builders of the Blackbird.
Because you don’t know what actually is going on.
What went on the Blackbird can be better described as RAS or Radar Absorbing Structures not material. In other words, all that radar absorbing stuff happens within the plane and they did it by carefully designing the structures so they will resonate within certain wavelengths. If a radar wave reflects on an internal structure, it reflects outward, only to hit another internal structure to reflect back in. If you size the gap between the structures to match a certain fraction of the wavelength, the reflecting wavelengths from both directions can cancel each other out. Or they can reflect inside ad infinitum until the wave loses its energy. The analogy is one mirror facing another mirror.
However these structures have to be sized by the wavelength, so it means considerable internal space. Can’t put that on a missile, and its also a problem on smaller fighters. The bigger the plane is, the better it is to design this and the more room you have to go down to even lower wavelengths that require proportionately bigger structures.
Not only that but the radars are probably easier to locate anyway.
Actually they’re by far the hardest. But I will let you figure out why.
I have no idea where you heard the tripe about trapped moisture. B-2, like most other airplanes (military and commercial), is painted with a topcoat of polyurethane paint. Polyurethane is very resistant to moisture.
Then I guess you never knew what happened to that B-2 that crashed in Guam last year, did you?
RAM generally can’t sustain supersonic speeds because it consists of particles that absorb radar energy and transfer them into heat. These particles are embedded in a form of latex or rubberized medium.
For the most part, these particles are ferric or iron based. It is the magnetic property of these particles that cause them to absorb radar waves. But if you lose the magnetism, the particles will lose the ability to absorb EMF. And guess what can destroy magnetism. Yup that’s right, heat. And guess what causes heat. Yup that’s right, friction. Specially air friction.
If you want to absorb or interfere EMF at post supersonic speeds, you need another magnetic medium. Basically ionized gas. That’s plasma for you.
What would be nice is a datalink that goes between missiles.
For instance you fire the Mica IR and Mica EM, and the Mica EM feeds the radar data to the IR as long as the IR hasn’t found the target on its seeker, and once it has it it can feed the data to the EM in case the plane manages to jam the Mica EM seeker.
Sensor fusion between missile in other words. And probably much easier than to fit several sensors on a single missile. You have to fire two missiles at the same target, but I suspect they already do that more often than not to be sure of a kill don’t they ?
Other advantage is the missles won’t have the same trajectory, so it will be harder to defend against both at the same time. And if launch is simulateous, the Mica IR might go undetected for a while, making it even more dangerous!
Nic
That won’t work. The radar system used in seekers isn’t compatible in producing the kind of information used on mid phase update via datalink. An active missile using CWI and measures-compares signal strength along receiver points, then simply goes to where the signal is the strongest. Its really a very simple system. If you have to have one missile leading another, or a whole bunch of them working autonomously in a network, you need PRF seekers which all going to use up space and two way datalinks. This is more doable on antiship missiles.
If MICA EM uses a datalink in theory, then this datalink has to be fed from a PRF radar from the launching aircraft, and in this case you might as well feed the MICA IR (in theory if you want to fit a data link on it) simultaneously. Fire control systems can guide multiple missiles simultaneously via midphase uplinks. So there is no need for one missile to feed into another. If the MICA EM gets successfully jammed in the first place, it should go into HOJ, meaning it will home in on the source of the emissions that have managed to somehow replicate the complicated waveform it uses, causing the seeker to be spoofed. HOJ by the way, does not go around chasing any other radar emission, jammer or any other ECW source—only the very one that managed to replicate the seeker’s waveform.
No. Datalinks tend to be placed in the middle of the missile. You’re talking about a little stub on the airframe, whereas these receivers should be cylindrical around the body. For a homing system to work, you need two positions, and these positions have to have a significant difference in distance because the guidance system works by comparing the signal received from the two positions. If it’s stronger on the A than on B, then the target is closer to A or on the front. If the signal is equal on both, then the target is perpendicular. If its stronger on B, then the target is behind.
Radar seeker head is quite a misnamed proposition. This is how a radar seeker actually looks.
There is an antenna on the nose. That’s just a pure emitter. There is a first receiver just behind the antenna. And then there is a second receiver right at the tail. The homing systems takes the radar echoes received from both points and makes a comparison. If the signal is stronger in one end or the other, then that is where the target should be.
In contrast an IR seeker is entirely on the nose. There is something like a camera eye that is set on a socket that provides a gimbal movement like your arm joint in your arm socket. The camera follows the target and its movement therefore signals where the missile should follow.
There is some very contrasting working principles here, that does not make it easy to modify one missile to another.
i don’t think that this is really a problem of x-band because a object can also be optimised to have a small rcs in s-band instead of x-band. for sure making radar absorbing materials for longer wavelengths is a problem but imho it is to much simplified that a s-band radar will detect a vlo e.g. at horizon search before a x-band can detect it.
Making RAS/RAM for S-band and longer bands is a bit of a _big_ problem—LITERALLY—on a small airframe. Its a much better choice to VLO on the X-band because of the size considerations, making it harder to lock and guide a missile against it instead.
there are dozens of parameters which have to be considered. e.g. do we speak about a low flighing target which pops up at 30 or 40 km or about a target flighing high enough to be detectable at 150 km? the first one should be no problem because a primary design goal for apar was the early detection of sea skimmers; it performs well on low flighing objects and at this range there is enough power to make vlo targets visible. the maximal horizon search range of apar is quoted to be 75 km which makes sense to me. a high resolution mfr is neither designed for long range search nor is it very useful here. a dedicated long range volume search radar can be used to start a cued search and tracking of targets with the mfr.
APAR’s relative short range to SAMPSON lies not just in using a higher wave length, but that its also in CW as opposed to PRF. But then again CW is likely to expose a target with more energy than PRF over time, and that what’s make VLO objects visible.
i think this is also the main reason why the type 45 also carries the s1850m. bae and others don’t get tired to claim that sampson doesn’t need a second vsr but there is no info about power/time budget if sampson is used without a second vsr.
if i got an initial track from the vsr and if the mfr is not used for volume search, it has much more time for tracking these targets. if the target is difficult to track, more time/power etc. can be used on it.
I think the SMART-L operates at 1-2GHz, while SAMPSON is at 2 to 4GHz. So the two is close. I think that’s what BAE meant.
and using a s-band mfr doesn’t change much on the vlo example if the sarh needs x-band terminal illumination or if the arh-sam has a tiny j (ku)-band seeker. vlo-targets will reduce the performance of all of these systems.
(btw the rcs of a bird at x-band is about 10^-3 to 10^-4 sqm)
Still, having to engage earlier is better than engaging later, as we are all dealing with probabilities here, and we want the probabilities to stack up in favor as high as possible. To lock on and engage the VLO target optimized at X-band is a separate issue that can be handled by a separate development. I suspect if you start getting creative with the way the illumination X-band is modulated, just a theory of mine, it may be possible to lock on to the object. This is something potentially in favor of APAR due to its high power, frequency agility and backend electronics compared to a tiny ARH missile seeker.
after reading all i got a bright buisness idea!
why not setup a biodiesel plant for exclusive import to PLAN for there future need for these conventional AC. oops ACs :D:D
what say guys which location will be suitable (real estate is lil cheap nowdays)
:diablo:
Real estate is expensive like nuts over there.