India reveals plan to develop indigenous medium fighter
The Indian air force has approached the Bangalore-based Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA), which designed and developed India’s fourth-generation Tejas light combat aircraft, to prepare a detailed project report on the development of 20t medium combat aircraft (MCA) with stealth features.
To help phase out the air force’s Dassault Mirage 2000 and Hindustan Aeronautics-built Sepecat Jaguar strike aircraft by around 2015, the proposed twin-engined MCA would also augment the service’s Sukhoi Su-30MKIs and its planned future fleet of at least 126 medium multirole combat aircraft.
Strategic analysts in India believe the air force’s involvement augurs well for speeding up the project, as the service only had a peripheral role in developing the delayed Tejas, which is expected to be inducted into service from 2010. The new aircraft is also expected to use radar asorbent materials developed in India to reduce its radar cross-section.
The MCA is expected to be powered by a higher-thrust version of the Gas Turbine Research Establishment Kaveri engine to potentially be developed in co-operation with Snecma. The air force has formed a committee to analyse the French company’s offer of assistance, and will study issues such as cost, manufacturing details and technology transfer for the design, which could take five or six years to gain certification.
The Kaveri has proven unsuitable to power the single-engined Tejas, with a replacement engine to be selected from either the Eurojet EJ200 or General Electric F414.
Meanwhile, India’s plan to participate in a fifth-generation fighter project with Russia is expected to be finalised by year-end, with HAL’s role yet to be defined. United Aircraft president Alexey Fedorov says a prototype of the aircraft will be ready for trials during 2009.
US offers India $375 mn deal for smart missiles
WASHINGTON: The Pentagon has notified the US Congress of its offer to sell India CBU-105 Sensor Fuzed Weapons (SFW) worth $375 mn to help the “In
dian Air Force to develop and enhance standardisation and operational ability with the United States”.
“This proposed sale will contribute to the foreign policy and national security of the United States by helping to strengthen the US-India strategic relationship,” the Pentagon’s Defence Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) told the US Congress Sep 30, a day before the Senate approved the India-US civil nuclear deal.
It will also help “improve the security of an important partner, which continues to be an important force for political stability, peace and economic progress in South Asia,” the agency said, assuring lawmakers “the proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region”.
The proposed sale comes three weeks after US offered India a $170 mn deal for the sale of two dozen Harpoon air to ground anti-ship missiles during Defence minister A K Antony’s visit to Washington.
“India intends to use the Sensor Fuzed Weapons to modernise its armed forces and enhance its defensive ability to counter ground-armoured threats.
“The missiles will assist the Indian Air Force to develop and enhance standardisation and operational ability with the United States. India will have no difficulty absorbing these missiles into its armed forces,” the DSCA said.
“There will be no adverse impact on US defence readiness as a result of this proposed sale,” it added.
The SFW – a 1,000-pound class weapon – is designed to accurately detect and defeat a wide range of moving and stationary land and maritime target threats with minimal collateral damage, while not leaving a single hazardous dud.
India, DSCA said, “has requested a possible sale of 510 CBU-105 Sensor Fuzed Weapons, 19 CBU-105 Integration test assets (12 live tails, seven inert tails) and five CBU-97 Integration test assets as well as associated equipment and services”. The total value, if all options are exercised, could be as high as $375 mn.
New Delhi, the agency said, has requested offsets for the deal, but at this time agreements are undetermined and will be defined in negotiations between India and the contractor. The prime contractor will be Textron Systems Corporation of Wilmington, Massachusetts.
Textron Defence Systems describes its SFW as “the first and only combat-proven, clean battlefield weapon of its kind in US Air Force inventory”.
The SFW contains 10 BLU-108 submunitions, each with four smart Skeet warheads, for a total of 40 warheads. One SFW can simultaneously detect and engage many fixed and moving land combat targets within 121,400 sq mts.
This wide-area capability enables the SFW to halt an invading force and attack air defence sites while significantly reducing the number of aircraft sorties, it says.
Designed for stand-off deployment from a wide selection of aircraft, SFW’s versatility and superior lethality make it the weapon of choice for anti-armour, destruction of enemy air defence and many other combat missions.
SFW can be deployed from US or North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) tactical aircraft in all weather conditions, day or night, and is presently certified on most US Air Force fighter and bomber aircraft.
Each smart Skeet warhead can defeat a variety of moving and stationary targets, from heavy armoured battle tanks, soft-skinned vehicles to maritime threats. Many of these include parked aircraft, mobile radars and jammers, air defence vehicles and support vehicles.
CBU-97/CBU-105 Sensor Fuzed Weapon -FAS

The Indian Navy’s Dhruv: falling between two stools
by Ajai Shukla
Prodded by questions from visitors to this blog, I have spoken in some depth to the Indian Navy as well as to the designers of the Dhruv Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) at Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) about why the Indian Navy remains reluctant to accept the Dhruv into service; and also about what HAL has done to address the issues that the Navy has raised.
So here are the findings of this quick enquiry.
Currently there are 8 Dhruvs on the Indian Navy’s inventory. They operate mainly on communications, training and administrative duties from shore-based airfields. The navy does not plan to order any more Dhruvs.
The Navy believes that its helicopters (hereafter helos) must all have the capability to land on the deck of ships. That is in contrast with some brown-water navies that find it perfectly acceptable to operate the bulk of their aircraft primarily from the shore. For a helo to operate from a ship, the navy is demanding three additional “specific-to-navy” criteria
1. Strengthened Undercarraige. The undercarriage must be specially adapted for deck landings. Unlike landing on terra firma, where the impact is primarily in one dimension (that of the weight of the helicopter impacting on hard ground) a ship is moving in three dimensions (roll, pitch and yaw) and the undercarriage must be capable of absorbing the impact of landing in all three dimensions. The navy says that the Dhruv’s undercarriage does not meet that requirement.
2. Folding Main Rotor. An on-board helo has to be accommodated into a very small hangar space, which means that the main rotors must have a system of hinges, which allow them to be quickly folded before putting the helo into the hangar (and then, equally quickly, unfolded when it is brought out for another flight). The navy’s initially stated requirement was for the rotors to be folded within a width of 3.5 metres.
Furthermore, the navy wants an automatic blade folding facility, of the kind that is installed in its Sea King helos. In this, onboard electrical or hydraulic actuators fold up the blades quickly, rather than having to go through the longer and more painstaking process of manually folding the blades. Remember, that in the smaller warships, the tips of the main rotor blades extend beyond the deck, overhanging the sea. So manually folding them — by removing bolts and supporting the blades during folding/unfolding — is an exercise that the navy would rather avoid.
HAL had a problem with foldable blades, as well as with installing an automatic system. A senior Dhruv designer told me, “the requirement of Blade Folding with a width of 3.5 metres was not feasible due to the inherent design characteristics of the ALH hingeless Main Rotor Blade with an Integrated Dynamic System”.
However, HAL worked on the problem and came up with the concept of “segmented blades”, which would be 5.1 metres wide instead of the navy’s requirement of 3.5 metres. HAL says the navy has agreed to the 5.1 metre width, and that the process of manually folding the “segmented blades” has been demonstrated to the navy.
However, HAL has not installed an automatic folding facility. HAL tells me, “Automatic blade folding was not pursued due to weight penalty of about 100 kgs”.
It may be useful here, for the readers’ understanding, to describe what HAL means by “segmented blades”.
“Segmented blades” comprise of two blade parts. The outer part is folded inwards to obtain the desired folded width. The other option is that of “Hingeless blades”, which have no physical hinges. These are made of composite materials, which ensures “virtual hinges”.
3. More “Time on Task”. The navy is demanding that the Dhruv must be able to spend 2 hours and 20 minutes on task (i.e. airborne with its task payload), and have an additional reserve of 20 minutes.
The Dhruv is simply not capable of meeting this requirement. HAL points out that, “this (requirement) is beyond the inherent payload capacity of any 5.5 tonne class helicopter in the world and can be met with difficulty by a 10-tonne class helicopter, given the Naval specification and weight requirement.”
If the Dhruv were flying empty, additional fuel tanks could have given it the ability to meet the Time on Task requirements. But the navy demands that the Dhruv must carry a heavy weapons and sensor payload, which rules out the fitment of extra fuel tanks. The need to carry such weapons and sensor payload put most naval helos, e.g. the Sea King, in a much higher weight class (10-14 tonnes).
IN SIMPLE TERMS, THE 5.5 TONNE DHRUV FALL BETWEEN TWO STOOLS. IT IS TOO LARGE AND HEAVY TO PERFORM THE ROLE (SEARCH & RESCUE, COMMUNICATIONS, ETC) THAT 3-TONNE HELOS LIKE THE CHEETAH AND THE CHETAK CURRENTLY DO… AND TOO SMALL AND LIGHT TO REPLACE 10-14 TONNE HELOS LIKE THE SEA KING AND THE KAMOV.
Despite that, top HAL sources aver that torpedo/depth charge trials were carried out during 2001-02; and sonar, Electronic Support Measures (ESM) and High Frequency Communications Systems (HFCS) trials were carried out during 2004-05. Platform integration for an Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) role has been successfully completed, which includes ESM, sonar/sonics, torpedo and HFCS.
There were some problems faced during the 2004-05 trials with the reliability of the sensors, but HAL points out that the reliability issue needs to be dealt with by the vendors of the sensors, all of whom were selected by the navy.
And finally, there is no truth to the belief that a vibration problem is the navy’s main issue with the Dhruv. HAL designers say that, “With fine tuning of the Anti-Resonance Vibration Isolation System (ARIS), structural reinforcements and the introduction of Frahm dampers, the vibration problem has been resolved satisfactorily”.
Air-to-air missile Astra test-fired successfully
Y. Mallikarjun
HYDERABAD: An important milestone in the pre-operational phase of Beyond-Visual-Range air-to-air missile, Astra was achieved on Saturday with the successful test-firing of the weapon system at Chandipur-on-sea, off the Orissa coast.
Astra project director S. Gollakota told The Hindu from Chandipur that the ground launch of the advanced tactical missile, having the capability to intercept fast-moving targets at supersonic speeds ( 1.2 to 1.4 Mach), was carried out just after noon.
The missile, launched from a specially-built ground launcher hit two simulated targets within 40 seconds and met all the “mission objectives.” Both the targets were hit by the same vehicle. Soon after impacting the first target in 20 seconds, the missile was manoeuvred and hit the second target in 60 seconds.
He said the indigenously-developed anti-aircraft missile covered a range of 23 km in about 80 seconds. The advanced system’s avionics hardware and software, mid-course guidance and the data link of ground-based transmitter and air-borne data link receiver were validated during the trial.
The propulsion system, navigation control and airframe were once again proved as they were validated in earlier trials. A similar test would be held on Sunday for “repeatability and confidence,” he added.
Smallest
The single-stage, smoke-less, solid propelled missile can carry a conventional warhead of 15 kg and is the smallest of the missiles developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation in terms of size and weight. The 3.8 metre-long missile has a diameter of 178 mm with an overall launch weight of 160 kg.
Mr. Gollakota said captive flight tests would be conducted early next year after a few more ground trials. Subsequently, it would be fitted to combat fighter Sukhoi-30 and test-fired. Later the missile would be integrated on board MiG-29 and Light Combat Aircraft.
Highly manoeuvrable
He said the highly manoeuvrable Astra was better than similar class of missiles and could be launched from different altitudes. It would cover a range of 100 km when launched from an altitude of 15 km, 60 km from an altitude of five km and the range would be 20 km if the altitude was still lower.
A friend of mine is looking for Plastic Scale Modeling kits in Delhi, can anyone tell me a good shop to get them.
Aero India – 2009 to be held in Bangalore from 11 to 15 Feb 2009
NEARLY 600 COMPANIES FROM OVER 50 COUNTRIES TO TAKE PART
AERO INDIA – 2009 MUST SET BENCHMARK FOR AIR SHOWS AROUND THE WORLD: ANTONY
12:27 IST
Nearly 600 armament companies from home and abroad are expected to take part in the 7th Edition of the Biennial International Aerospace Exposition, popularly known as Aero India – 2009 to be held at the Air Force Station Yelahanka in Bangalore from 11th to 15th February 2009. Armament Majors from several countries including the United States, the UK, Russia, France, Germany, Italy, Israel, Belgium, Brazil, Spain, Ukraine and The Netherlands have confirmed their participation in this Asia’s premier Air Show. Nearly, 330 companies from 50 countries abroad and 230 from India will set up their exhibits over an indoor display area of 32,000 sq meters and an additional 5,000 sq meters outdoors. In addition there will be 60 chalets. Nearly 100 different types of aircraft – both civil and military, will be on display.
The first meeting of the Apex Committee was held under the Chairmanship of the Defence Minister Shri AK Antony here on Friday. Addressing the top officials from several Ministries and Organisations, Shri Antony said that Aero India – 2009 should be conducted in such a manner that it provides a benchmark for similar shows being organised in various parts of the world. He said ‘proper lessons must be learned from the past experiences of holding these shows and enough care must be taken to ensure that every participant and stake holder goes back with happy memories of the show’.
The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) has been selected as the Event Manager for Aero India – 2009, in which there will be several new elements. Indian Air Force will bring out some of the vintage aircraft from its stable and fly them at the show. The Ministry of Defence will also facilitate interaction between the overseas original equipment manufacturers and Indian Business Houses. Similar interactions will also be encouraged between small and medium enterprises from home and abroad. Efforts are also being made to give exposure to students of technical and engineering colleges to encourage them to be part of the country’s aim of becoming a design hub in aerospace technologies in the foreseeable future.
The centre will be spending nearly Rs. 20 crores to augment the infrastructure in and around the Air Force Station Yelahanka. Coinciding with the event an international seminar on aerospace technologies will be held from 09 – 11 February 2009 by the Defence Research and Development Organisation and the Aeronautical Society of India.
Aero India showcases the aeronautical and aerospace systems produced in India as well as by other living manufacturers from across the world. It provides an important forum for industry – customer interaction, generating in the process, considerable business interest in the region.
SK/ RAJ
Nag anti-Tank Missile demonstrated to Indian Army
India successfully flight tested 3rd generation, Fire and Forget Anti Tank Guided Missile NAG with a range of 4 Km on stationary and moving targets in the presence of users on 5th and 6th August 2008 at Pokhran Ranges. Both targets hit confirming the system capabilities of the NAG Missile.
Dr. Prahlada, Chief Controller, DRDO and Chairman, IGMDP expressing happiness on the last milestone of the programme confirmed that for the first time, Users have witnessed the flight tests of production version of NAG Missile Carrier NAMICA from BEL and Missiles from BDL. NAG Missile has both top and front attack capability and having passive homing guidance achieved through Imaging Infrared (IIR) seeker system and is unique in the world with such capabilities. Many SMEs have participated in the development and of NAG Missile system.
These tests were specially meant to demonstrate the tandem warhead against both stationary and moving targets. With these trials, the development flights stand completed and NAG system is now ready for user trials. The mobility in desert terrain has also been comprehensively demonstrated. “I am sure this will pave the way for induction of NAG with the Army”, commented one of the media persons present there.
Director DRDL, Project Director NAG, ADG Mechanised Forces, Army Officers, DRDO Scientists and others participated in the campaign.
A day at the hangar in HAL, Bangalore: working on a Tejas fighter – Ajai Shukla
Pictures of LSP-2 KH-2012
Nag anti-tank missile to undergo climax trials next week
New Delhi, July 20 (PTI) After a string of successful missile tests, India will undertake the climax trials of its indigenous third generation anti-tank missile ‘Nag’ next week.
The ‘fire and forget’ anti-tank missile, named after the King of snakes, Cobra, would undergo its final baptism trials for two days next week in the Pokhran desert, almost 22 years after it was first conceived, DRDO officials said.
Seven missiles would be fired against static and moving targets for 48 hours starting July 27 to test the land version of the weapon, which its makers the DRDO, claim can defeat any futuristic battle tank over a range of four kms.
“User trials by the army would come close on the heels of the Pokhran trials,” officials told PTI exuding confidence that the country’s first ever such weapon would be inducted in large numbers by November-December this year.
Army needs these missiles in large numbers which is evident by acquisition of 4,000 Anti-Tank Guided Missiles recently from Russia and France.
Now the forces are about to float new tenders to induct another 4,000 such missiles and DRDO expects the indigenous Nag to be on top of the contention.
Nag, is the last of the five missile systems successfully developed by the DRDO under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP).
The other four Surface-to-Surface Prithvi and Agni series of missiles as well as Surface-to-Air Akash are in the process of induction. About Trishul multi-mission missile, DRDO says development trials are already over. PTI