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MiG-23MLD

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  • in reply to: F-14: The 1970's Perspective #2505883
    MiG-23MLD
    Participant

    I try to get some insight in the envisioned career of the F-14 at the beginning of its service life. The TF-30 engines were due to be replaced and following variants (B and C) were due to follow in considerable numbers. Also did the Navy think that the USAF might adopt the aircraft. Does anybody have background infos about this and can possibly timeline it with other programs (like F-15, F-16, F-18 and F-4M).

    This is a rather low quality impression of the LTV contender for the USAF LWF-competition. It was intented to serve as USN-aircraft, too.[ATTACH]150833[/ATTACH]

    @moderators:
    I like to have this topic in Modern Military Aviation as it fits the usual discussion and might be misplaced in historic forum.

    Schorsh

    The F-14A is not the best teen fighter in terms of performance and agility, the F-18 is more agile, its TF-30 restricted it a lot, as a whole the F-14 was superb before the 1990s but when even the F-16 started getting the AMRAAM AIM-120 the design showed active homing was available in smaller and better weapons, when it lost the AIM-54, in the last years of its carreer basicly all the short comings of the design became evident, unstealthy, expensive, obsolete weaponry, underpowered engines and so on, in the 1970s the F-14 was a complete different animal.

    Compared to the MiG-25 and MiG-23 enjoyed better avionics weaponry avionics and up to a level some degree of better agility specially compared to the MiG-25.

    From 1974 to 1985 it was really a very good fighter interceptor, but with the advent of fighters like the MiG-29K and Su-33, it started showing signs of obsolecence, the Su-33 and MiG-29K could take off without the aid of a catapult, as fighters would out turn and outmaneuver the F-14.

    The AIM-54 despite it had a great range was not agile and it imposed some performance limitations to the already slow climbing F-14.

    In the early 1970s there were too much limits in missile design, air breathing missiles like the Meteor or agile missiles like the AIM-9X were still years ahead, the threat of Tu-22Ms armed with primitive missiles was still a reason to carry the AIM-54, by the 1990s better Surface to Air missiles, longer range and lighter Air to Air missiles showed the AIM-54 was getting old and obsolecent.

    As far as we can say the 1970s were the best years the F-14 had, the mid 1980s were also good years but new contenders proved that new wing designs dispensed of the complexity of variable geometry wings, this simply proved that at the end the F-18 took over where the F-14 once ruled.

    Today we can say the best naval fighter is the Rafale and against it the F-14 would not had win, when the Rafale gets the Meteor will rule for several years as the F-14 did in the 1970s

    in reply to: Top Ten Modern Aircraft #2505975
    MiG-23MLD
    Participant

    C’est vrai, monsieur!

    One thing needs to be considered: turbo-jets behave beneficial for higher Mach numbers, but an afterburning turbo-fan is not much different from an afterburning turbo-jet. And no aircraft (except those two we know and some in absolute clean config) will not break the barrier without reheat. The MiG-31 wins through good inlet and thrust over Mach characteristics. That is no magic, but just an optimization for high Mach numbers. While at the -31 the Russians acknowlegded that 95% of the mission will be flown subsonic. Though the stated ranges for -25/-31 in supersonic are surely impressive, a long run at supersonic speeds is prohibitive in terms of overall range. Even a MiG-31 has to very careful about its fuel status when on reheat.

    Schorsch

    Indeed the MiG-31 has turbofans, and i think the MiG-25 was one of the 10 top modern fighters and one of the best of the entire XX century.

    http://worldweapon.ru/images/sam/mig25/mig25_04.jpg

    in reply to: Top Ten Modern Aircraft #2506735
    MiG-23MLD
    Participant

    I agree with u Mig-23, but not completely..

    As far as ‘ur assessment of Su-30 MKI goes vis-a-vis other a/cs(barring F-22), i think u r missing a few things..

    Lets talk about what makes an a/c an air superiority vehicle(human factors not withstanding):
    (1)Its survivability against possible threats posed by the enemy..
    (2)The punch it can deliver..

    Taking the first criterion into account the major constituting factors are
    Stealth, ECM/ECCM package,flight Kinematics,Situational Awareness..

    Those for second criterion include RADAR capability.Weapons systems & armament and Flight Kinematics..

    Hope, in ‘ur next post u explain ‘ur choices/ comparisons based on the above factors..

    artzd

    What i do not like of the Su-30MKI is it lacks a AIM-9X type weapon, i mean a well armed F-15 with a good radar will eat a Su-30MKI if it uses Python Vs or ASRAAMs, i mean you do not need to be so agile when you have a HMS and a good missile.

    probably at BVR combat things get even, but the Su-30MKI is a Heavy aircraft that is the reason new AL-31s have more thrust.

    Also we always have to think what model and upgrade of either the F-15 or the Su-30.

    Now the Eurofighter is more powerful than the F-18E, F-15I or Gripen thanks to supercruise, this will make the Su-30MKI not as good as the Eurofighter in BVR, compared to the Modern Eurofighter it is a slow machine, add up to this the Meteor and the Su-30MKI will be also be surpassed in BVR combat.

    Modern aircraft are basicly radars and missiles, gun combat is rare and speed is an important aspect, in general i feel the Israelis know a well upgraded F-15 still can beat the Su-30MKI, but the Eurofighter will beat it for sure

    in reply to: Top Ten Modern Aircraft #2506743
    MiG-23MLD
    Participant

    The F-15C version mention doesnt even exist. Top speed is given for a fully loaded F-15 and a clean F-18 :confused:
    The F-15 flies Mach 2.5 or close to that armed with 4 Sparrows (almost no drag), and more than Mach 2 with 8 missiles. The Mach 1.8 limit is with tanks, I dont know though if its for one or more tanks.

    Eagle

    I can not comment, since i have no performacne graphs, maybe things are like you say because it is possible fully loaded might be with tanks

    in reply to: Top Ten Modern Aircraft #2506746
    MiG-23MLD
    Participant

    If someone needs to explain the difference that types of engines makes to you then you really have no business commenting on it do you? Both the Eagle and the Hornet have similar bypass afterburning turbofans so it’s an apples to apples comparison. The Foxbat and F-15 are not. The type the Foxbat has is more like those on the B-70 ie. lower pressure ratio turbojets designed for high speed.

    The MiG-31 has turbofans 😉

    in reply to: Top Ten Modern Aircraft #2507029
    MiG-23MLD
    Participant

    They give the same max combat speed for the F-15 and the Hornet. I think that says all you need to know about it’s accuracy.

    Sferrin the whole point is it is not a Russian source, but a western source, so i do not think it is a Russian plot, but a Western source, that is the whole point, you can see it is not only a Russian claim, western sources also claim the F-15 fully loaded won`t surpass Mach 2.
    Note they give max speed for the F-15 is Mach 2.5 but combat speed fully loaded is Mach 1.78

    I do not deny it also can be wrong, but at least see that without official sources there is no way we can solve this problem.

    First we need to see all these jets at max take off have a TWR of less than the unit, the F-15 also has a very protuding canopy, not exactly very aerodynamic, see that the MiGs always have canopies flushed with the main fuselage body.

    I guess the F-15 must generate more drag than the MiG-25 because the MiG-25 has a worst TWR than the F-15 however it can fly the whole mission at Mach 2.3 and indeed the aircraft is only limited by the fuel capacity it carries , it can fly Mach 2.6 for 15 minutes and Mach 2.83 for five.

    the MiG-25PD also has altitude limits, with two AA-6s won`t climb beyond 24 km of altitude and with four AA-6s wont fly beyond 21 km.

    the F-15 in the other hand has better TWR but that is mostly for maneuvering, the MiG-25 and MiG-31 have less impressive TWR but faster speed, remember the MiG-31 is an animal of almost 40 tonns.

    in reply to: Top Ten Modern Aircraft #2507094
    MiG-23MLD
    Participant

    Huh, so in your book if it’s a US aircraft they can’t touch their published speeds in service but if it’s a Russian one it can not only reach the published speed but exceed it. I can’t believe I’ve wasted time even replying to your posts in this thread.

    That is not the question, the MiG-23 figures are given by several sources one is the MiG-23ML manual, the other is military parade a Russian publisher that claims the M-23 can reach Mach 2.5, if you can get official numbers from official sources you can put the argument to rest but without it, it is only an argument of faith, you believing your F-15 figures and schorsch his books;)
    See the chart they claim the F-15 only gets up to mach 1.78 fully loaded see this is a Western source
    http://www.ausairpower.net/000-F-15-Table.jpg
    source
    http://www.ausairpower.net/Profile-F-15A-D.html

    They might have some figures that might be wrong or are incomplete but see how they claim a max speed in combat of 1.78 for the F-15.

    in reply to: Top Ten Modern Aircraft #2507107
    MiG-23MLD
    Participant

    After reading through 10 pages of pure humorous dialog…

    MiG-23MLD,

    Please don’t take this personal but you are the sole definition of an “armchair pilot” that relies heavily on the Internet for information in which most of the stuff out there is bogus. Even college professors tell you not to rely on the Internet for information.

    You rely too much on the sales brochure information on aircraft and use it as your bible. I do not know what your background is but for sure is not in the aeronautical field.

    When someone proves validity or refutes your claim, you simply ignore it and reply with more random stats. I saw that BDF gave you the source of the AIM54C misfires against the Iraq Mig-25s and you simply ignored it. If you don’t know what a red shirt is, it is a person in the US Navy that loads, manages, and arms weapons on aircraft. Had you visited the forum, he would’ve noticed that someone was on the boat and knew of the situation very well. The ordies were new to the F14 as they came from another aircraft.

    This completely validates that Phantom II was saying and I feel you are a narcissistic person. So it is pretty much worthless to even talk to you about things.

    I crawl back into my cubbyhole.

    Doggy

    Your crititcs are well taken, however you only focus in aspects to continue a discussion.

    A) i said sorry, why? becuase i found a Russian article claiming some MiG-25s were shot down by Iranian F-14s

    B)I do not take only one set of sources, when i analize a claim, i usually see if the other side accepts it, i do not only use the internet but also russian, japanese and french books and magazines besides books in English either published in England or the US.

    Independiently of it was a mistake or not, rely only on Americans sources is like rely on an article of faith, you can believe the american sources automatically, i can not, when i read american claims i like to contrast them with other sources and i say to you that because i do not believe the F-14 only had one chance to shot down Iraqi aircraft, specially when the vast majority of western sources disregard the Iraqi claims of F-14s shot down by Iraqi MiG-25s or MiG-29s even when the Iraqis shown they indeed shot down NATO aircraft and the West acknowledges the coallition lost aircraft to Iraqi armed forces in 1991, in general any claim can be rebuked by another version of the same event and that applies to any event you are always going to have different versions sometimes even different explanations or even counterclaims to an account.

    Independiently if i am right or wrong, i can say to you, that i prefer use several sources than just one, and that justifys my general skepticism when i listen things to protect the F-14 honor like you are doing, you have to see the world is not monolithic in thought and the world has not only one version for the same event.

    in reply to: Top Ten Modern Aircraft #2507274
    MiG-23MLD
    Participant

    Well,going by the usefulness meant to their operators, the following are my pickings (Fighters only):

    (1) F-15 (The Fighter that upheld US air dominance for almost 30 years vis.a.vis its competitors)
    (2)Mig-21(The fighter that exceeded everything ever expected of it)
    (3)F-4(The American Mig21)
    (4)MirageIII(The 3rd player in the era of the Mig-21 & F-4)
    (5)F-16(A very good fighting machine coming at a very good price)

    In terms of modern capabilities:
    (1)F-22A(Generation ahead of its competitors )
    (2)EF-2000 & Su-30 MKI(U may argue endlessly over which one is better)
    (3)F-15 E(with AESA/avionics suite & latest Missiles)
    (4)Rafale & F-18E/F
    (5)Gripen & F-16(with AESA/avionics suite & latest Missiles)
    (6)Su-30 MKK(Actual threat,as perceived by all the above)

    I kind of agree with you a lot, your pickings are quit similar to mine

    any way these are not so difficult to guess but i rate the MiG-31 as one of the best modern fighters.

    F-22. The best modern fighter, i guess its only weakness is the limited number they will build and the possibility they might detect it in the future or present as some Russian statements claim, however there is few aircraft that can fight with it in even terms, perhaps only the Eurofighter armed with ASRAAM and with a good IRST system detector might beat it or the S-400 system with MiG-31s firing R-37s and R-77s

    however i think it will beat them most of the time.

    The Eurofighter packs supercruise, ASRAAM, AIM-120 and in the future Meteors, this aircraft must be at least as good as the F-22 in some terms.

    The MiG-31 also must be another impressive aircraft flying at Mach 2.35 for half an hour and armed with R-37s this fighter must be a real challenge.

    the rest are almost in the same class, the Gripen, Rafale, F-18E, F-15I and F-16 all can fire similar weapons, AIM-120s, ASRAAM. IRIS-T, Mica, AIM-9X and Python V, perhaps only the Rafale is a little better than the rest in performance.
    http://news.xinhuanet.com/forum/2005-04/12/xinsrc_4620402121517892112415.jpg
    It is probable the japanese F-2 is close to the F-18E if it is armed with the latest AAM-5s and AAM-4s

    The rest the Su-30MKI, MiG-29SMT, Su-30MKK, J-10 do not posses a good WVR weapon in the class of the AIM-9X at this moment and still rely in older R-73s and Python IIIs and the Eurofighter, Rafale, Gripen will soon deploy the Meteor leaving these aircraft obsolete in BVR combat.

    The JF-17 is in a generation behind this aircraft and still belongs to the class of the MiG-29A, F-16A, ChingKuo IDF. Su-27B, Mirage 2000 and other obsolecent aircraft.

    in reply to: Top Ten Modern Aircraft #2507325
    MiG-23MLD
    Participant

    The F-15 can achieve speeds in excess of M2 only when clean. Same applies most likely to MiG-29 and Su-27, whcih are pretty similar in overall design, TWR and inlet design. The external weapons may easily produce more drag on the Su-27 and Mig-29 (no real conformal weapon stations). For speeds in excess of M2 with weapons some compromises have to be made, which are easily visible on the MiG-23 or the Starfighter:
    – reduce drag by all costs, even if it compromises pilots vision and flight performance in other areas
    – engine power at these speeds, basically means big afterburner and turbo-jet
    – optimized inlet, optimized nozzle

    Designs like the F-16 are more balanced as they give up speeds over M1.5 (though it reaches M2 when clean). The savings in weight, complexity and lifetime cost (both for engine and airframe) compensate for it. Even if the combat performance per aircraft might be slightly reduced, the combat performance per invested Dollar against a fleet of N aircraft is better (especially when N is larger than my fleet of aircraft).

    Schorsch

    I will confess you in reality i have no means of confirm or rebuke the information you give me, i have no F-15 manual or the basic performance specifications, i will be honest with you, i can consider the F-15 can reach Mach 2.5 with at least some missiles perhaps two AIM-7 or AIM-120 and two AIM-9 as the MiG-23 does but also i have no way of confirm you that.

    why i do think like that? well simply because the Mach 2.5 speed must have a real operational use, i do not think the F-15 will use Mach 2.5 just to use its gun, any way a Missile is not very heavy an AIM-9 must be in the range of 100kg and the AIM-7 and AIM-120 should not weight more than 200kg, i mean with a small percentage of fuel and an few missiles must be able to reach at least Mach 2.3, but of course this is an speculation of my self

    in reply to: Top Ten Modern Aircraft #2507351
    MiG-23MLD
    Participant

    Russian analysis

    I think I’m going to go crazy if I read that again. This is a rhetorical question, but I wonder where you actually get your “Russian analysis” from?

    Phantom II

    Several Russian writers quoted in several webpages give that figure, how did they get it i do not know, but i guess in 2007 the F-15 is not the most guarded secret and probably the Russians had a rough idea of the F-15 when they designed the Su-27 and MiG-29, they have flown mock combats against the F-15 in 1992 over American soil, they have visited the US and probably also exchanged some information about the F-15 and Su-27, and i think also they knew some information from the nations that have fought the F-15 Eagle.

    Also remember the Mach 2.5 is not with supercruise, the F-15 is not a F-22 that can supercruise, and very likely fly at Mach 2.5 fully loaded would mean a short dash gulping lots of fuel, so it is not something to disbelieve the Russians, i guess also computer models can give them a rough idea and i am sure the Russians did some computer models before giving the specifications for even their Su-27 and MiG-29.

    i guess the F-15 can achieve Mach 2.5 with less than 40% fuel and for a small period of time, it is probable it can carry a few missiles with it, but fullly loaded i guess is something most likely can not do .

    in reply to: Top Ten Modern Aircraft #2507438
    MiG-23MLD
    Participant

    Actually, I rather said that reality is not like testing! 😀
    Which is only partly true: many tests are aimed on proving operational figures. All this performance charts in the manual, they have been validated somehow (at least that is what always stands in the upper left).
    But you continue on quoting the flight tests that never were used to validate any operational envelope, but solely to impress the tax-paying public. I don’t know if you pay taxes, but you are surely part of the public, by the lines you write I see that you are deeply impressed by American hardware without any doubts, so the test can be called successful (although it doesn’t have any influence on operational performance, which doesn’t need to bother the [tax-paying] public but only the pilots betting their butts).

    Up to what i have read in Russian analysis the F-15 can not fly beyond Mach 2 fully armed and probably fully fueled i mean at its max take off weight.

    I am not sure if it applies to all jets but at least according to Russian analysis that is the reality about the F-15 and they claim a MiG-23ML can fly at mach 2.3 armed with two R-24 but they however admitt their MiG-23 won`t fly fully armed but only with two R-24 and half fuel

    Nevertheless i think the vast majority of jets can achieve their operational Max speed with at least some weapons, and i think higher speed are achieveable than the operational and manual recommended because the M-23 that is the MiG-23 drone can achieve Mach 2.5 and the MiG-25 Mach 3.2, the same is the SR-71 that can achieve Mach 3.6 for few minutes

    in reply to: Top Ten Modern Aircraft #2507716
    MiG-23MLD
    Participant

    I think that ColonelMarksman needs to define the word Modern

    I think everything dependes of the decade because in reality aircraft are modified and also dependes in the type of aircraft involved, if we talk about fighters i would say tht basicly the list would be like this

    During the 1960s i guess the best fighter was the F-4E and the MiG-21 this would be very difficult to organized.

    http://www.vvaavic.org.au/Thumbs/Aircraft/F-4E%20Phantoms.jpg
    1960s
    fighter ————-Fighter-bomber/Bomber
    1.F-4E ————-1.F-111
    2.MiG-21———— 2.B-52
    3.Mirage III ———3.Tu-16
    4.F-5 —————4.Tu-22
    5.Harrier ———– 5.Tu-95
    6.Su-15————–6.A-4 Skyhawk
    7.Su-11————–7.HandleyPage Victor
    8.F-106—————8. Douglas B-66
    9.F-104—————9.Avro Vulcan
    10. BAC Lighting——-BAC Camberra

    1970s
    http://math.fce.vutbr.cz/safarik/ACES/aces1/idf-af/f-15_idf-af_3.jpg

    Fighter ———– Fighte-bomber/Bomber

    1.F-15A ———— 1.Tu-22M2
    2.F-14A ———— 2.F-111
    3.MiG-25PD ——– 3.B-52G
    4.F-16A ———– 4.Su-24
    5.MiG-23ML ——— 5.Sepecat Jaguar
    6.AJ-37 Viggen——–6.MiG-27
    7.Mirage F1———–7.Su-22
    8.F-4E —————8.Mirage V
    9.IAI Kfir————–9.Tu-22
    10. Harrier————-10. A-10

    1980s
    http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/airdef/su-27-DDST8809314_JPG.jpg
    Fighter —————Fighter-bomber/bomber

    1.Su-27B ———-1.F-117
    2.F-15C ———- 2.Tu-160
    3.MiG-31 ———-3.B-1B
    4.F-14D ———— 4.Tu-22M3
    5.MiG-29C ———–5.Panavia Tornado
    6.F-16A/C —————-F-111
    7.MiG-25PD ———-Su-24M
    8.F-18A/C—————-MiG-27
    9.Mirage 2000 —————-Sepecat Jaguar
    10.MiG-23MLD —————Mirage V

    1990s

    http://math.fce.vutbr.cz/safarik/ACES/aces1/obr1/aircraft_f-15_rsaf.jpg

    Fighter ————————————–Fighter-bomber/bomber
    1.F-15C (armed with Python IV)———————-1.B-2
    2.Su-27B ——————————————2.F-117
    3.F-16C (Armed with Python IV and AIM-120)——–3.Tu-160
    4.MiG-31 ——————————————4.B-1B
    5.F-14D —————————————–5.Tu-22M3
    6.MiG-29C —————————————-6.Panavia Tornado
    7 MiG-25PD—————————————-7.F-111
    8.F-18A/C —————————————-8.Su-24
    9.Mirage 2000————————————–9.MiG-27
    10. IAI Kfir (armed with Python IV)——————10.Sepecat Jaguar

    2000s
    http://staffwww.fullcoll.edu/ewittman/images/F22%20jets.jpg
    Fighter ————————————–Fighter-fighter/bomber

    1.F-22 —————————————-1.B-2
    2.Eurofighter ————— ——————-2.F-117
    3.MiG-31BM (Armed with R-37)——————–3.Su-34
    4.Rafale —————————————-4.Tu-160
    5.F-18E ——————- ——————5.B-1B
    6.Gripen —————————————–6.Tu-22M3
    7.F-15I (armed with Python V and AIM-120)——–7.Panavia Tornado
    8.F-16 (armed with AIM-9X and AIM-120)———-8.Su-24M
    9.Su-30MKI ————————————–9.FBC-1
    10 Su-27 (upgraded)—————————10. Sepecat Jaguar (armed with ASRAAM )

    http://www.the-week.com/25sep04/Imgbox/sphom1.jpg
    Note only operational aircraft, future fighters such as the LCA, Su-35BM, MiG-35, F-35 and new missiles might change the 2000s ranking but as far as 2007 i guess that is the most likely list

    I used BVR and WVR weaponry and general radar and performance of the aircraft listed, fighters with more BVR weaposn ranked better, long range weapons are important parameters.

    The J-10 might be a better close combat fighter but lacks a credible WVR weapon and does not carry as many BVR weapons as the Su-27B despite chinese reports that claimed it is better than the Su-27B.
    I ranked the F-15 better than the F-14 because it used AIM-120s, and was more agile than the F-14

    in reply to: Top Ten Modern Aircraft #2507801
    MiG-23MLD
    Participant

    Once again: no German jet fighter used swept wings (except maybe of the Me-163, which is no real fighter but more a rocket aircraft). There were concepts, but nothing was put anywhere close to production or service. The Junkers 287 (the negative swept wing thing) was tested but results were poor (not as poor as their jet engines though).
    Radars: The American and British had radars, too. And I think theirs were better at the end of the war.
    Jet engines: American and British jet fighters were rolling of the line, but their air forces were not so desperate to push it into service without qualified personal and tactics. The P-80 was superior to the Me-262, which must be contributed mostly to the engine.
    Guided missiles: Were not used on aircraft.
    Ejection seats: The Swedish had them, too. Again, not a unique German invention, just an application necessary for higher speeds.

    Schorsch

    Germany had swept wing aircraft, the Me-262 was one, yeah you say it was a compromise with center of gravity problems, however that won`t explain why the Messerschmitt P1011 had also swept wing and was built although not completed, the Ju-287 also was a swept wing aircraft.

    You are minimizing a reality, in the mid 1940s and late 1930s germany had enough knowledge about swept wings, they used them, they had scientific knowledge about swept wing designs, it was not empirical trend or a fluke, that is a reality.

    Of course Germany was not alone, but none of Germany`s rivals pool all the new technologies in a single design as Germany did.

    Russia also had rocket aircraft but it did not used swept wings.

    In few words you are denying a reality, The Junkers Ju-287 forward swept wings were not a fluke, they understood the effects they produced, they design them using knowledge from aerodynamic science and that means they understood it very well that is the best proof the Me-262 is not a strike of good luck.

    in reply to: Top Ten Modern Aircraft #2508092
    MiG-23MLD
    Participant

    German scientists learned pretty fast that forward swept is not useful with available material. Other scientists learned that again later.

    The basic concepts of aircraft are known since centuries, you may lead something to anything. But from the elements that make the B777 a well-selling aircraft, nothing was introduced or in any basic manner known on the Me-262, and if the Me-262 had it was somehow available before and in other countries at the same time (jet engines for example).

    The usefulness of the military studies is very doubtful, at best we can contribute part of the engine development to military inputs.

    However there are two important aspects you forget, the german WWII aircraft had two main feautures shared by modern aircraft, one was jet engines and the other was swept wings either forward or backward, the german aircraft of that era already did experiment with guided missiles and ejection seats, some used radars, so basicly Germany by the end of may 1945 had all the basic features we associate with modern jet aircraft.

    Contrary to the british Meteor, Vampire or the american P-59, the German aircraft had all the complete features we associate with modern jet aircraft

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