Does any carrier still posses a naval gun? Sao Paulo perhaps having a 5′ gun?

Ive heard some american carriers have a couple of torpedo tubes, which isnt really necesary with escort ships, but I guess it could be used now that theyre developing anti-torpedo munitions.

I got a ton of these ideas, first, here is the startfighter the way it should have been done.

F-22
with the intro of FB 22 why didn’t the Usaf just go for the YF-23?

The whole problem is that western nations just choose one fighter to fill a requirement instead of buying many different fighters as had happened in the 50s,60s and 70s. So militarys have no choice to dump hundreds of millions into developement as there is no alternative. This is what happened with the F-22, Eurofighter, F-35, stealth fighter, etc.

What’s going to
motivate someone to NOT want to do something bad, when there is
no God? On what basis will ethics and morals be founded on?
Why should we be good, why should we try to love our enemies?
Religion makes that simple: it’s what God wants.
What other justification is there for living a life like that, sacrificing,
helping,etc. When your kids ask you “Why?”, what are you going to
tell them? Ifyou don’tjustify your answer, they’re not going to listen.

I could give you examples in both present day and in history of how people have lived with high moral values without religion. Its difficult to prove because there are so few countrys (I cant think of any of hand) that dont have religion in their background. I think it would be better to use the bible as an example. The entire new testement basically says (not withstanding the apocolyptical BS at the end) live what you know to be good, and dont try and figure out what is good because you cant. Buddists and Hindus will pretty much give you the same story. So if you want to waste your time trying to figure out gods will, go ahead, I suggest you dont try and force that belief on others, that gets messy.

Similarly, science, without the “crutch” of religious/moral ethics, can do
some pretty nasty things – “exterminate the jews, take over the world,
experiment on children, etc.”

Thats the big fear people have about religion, its usually not fear of god, but a fear in the loss of value for human life. This myth is reinforced when we see religous groups active on right to life abortion issues or read history of secular groups like nazis exterminating the weak and unwanted. Alls I can say is people should get out and see more of the world. Its easy to fall back and think there is an absolute correct way to live, but really religous people are not the ones making decisions about quality of life, its doctors, its parents with a pregnant teens, they deal with the decisions of here and now and all the background issues that lead up to it. The religous people who flout this absolute never have an abortion, never pull the plug, these people are like the pharasis (sp?) of the bible. They dont live in the real world, there is no need for them other than a crutch.

I thought the K8 was a intermediate trainer and a smaller cousine of the BAe Hawk.

who makes the K8?

The K-8 is a joint venture between China and Pakistan. With a sea level speed of 800 km/hr its not far behind the Hawk, pretty impressive for only having 3600 lbs of thrust. The big problem with the program was when the US cut off the Garret turbofan due to sancions.

A couple more you forgot are the Ching Kuo and CASA Aviojet.

You cant lump these jets together in one list, they make up 3 distinct types: conventional, intermediate and supersonic.

A wing with a thick airfoil, a rounded leading edge and short chord (long and narrow planeshape) give best efficiency at subsonic speeds. The problem is at high altitude even these straight winged jets are in constant danger of overspeeding supersonicly. Thats why such jets as the Hawk, Aviojet, MB-339 and L-159 can not be used effectively as a high altitude fighter. They are very efficient at maintaining airpeed at high AoA(this is due to the very high lift/drag ratio of the airfoil), which means they dont bleed airspeed in a tight turning fight. Keep in mind that supersonic jets cant go supersonic at low level, so these jets are deadly against anything at low level.

A wing with a thin airfoil, a sharp leading edge and long chord (short and wide planeshape) are very effective for high speeds past the sound barrier. However at subsonic speeds these airfoils create lots of drag at even slight angles of AoA, this doesnt make much of a difference in the very thin air at high altitudes, but at low altitude this kind of aerodynamics creates huge drag when trying to pull into tight turns which means these jets have to keep going straight and fast as they will lose bad in a turning fight. Jets like the A/T-50 and Ching Kuo are the only 2 fully capable supersonic fighters in the list.

Jets like the Alpha Jet, AMX and MB-346 are intermeiate between these 2 catagories, their airfoils are thin and sharp enough to give higher top speeds at high altitude making them safer in high altitude fast maneuvering, but they lose energy alot more in a low altitude turning fight. Also their lack of afterburners means theyre at a great disadvantage in the high altitude fighter/intercepter role.

Grey Area- The point Im getting at is you said atheism is a religous belief, which implys a will to believe you are correct against those who appose your belief. So I dont think you have to be anit-god or anti-religion to be athiest.