More research yielded some information. Thales used to be Thomson-CSF (prior to 2000). By 1996 SPECTRA integration on the Rafale was completed:
http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/categories/military/12815.html
We have to look at the history of Thomson-CSF. Wikipedia is perfect for this:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson-CSF
“In 1982 both Thomson-Brandt and Thomson-CSF were nationalized by François Mitterrand. Thomson-Brandt was renamed Thomson SA (Société Anonyme) and merged with Thomson-CSF.”
And also:
“In 1988 Thomson Consumer Electronics was formed, renamed Thomson Multimedia in 1995. The French government split the consumer electronics and defence businesses prior to privatisation in 1999, those companies being Thomson Multimedia (today Technicolor SA) and Thomson-CSF (today Thales Group).”
So from 1982 to 1999, Thales (then Thomson-CSF) was a French state owned company! Spectra was developed in this time period by Matra (also French, now MBDA) and Thomson-CSF. To me it seems highly doubtful that Spectra was originally developed outside of France due to the whole state-owned company thing. To say nothing of the fact that such a sophisticated system, much of which is considered classified, would be unlikely to be developed in an outside country.
I’m gonna do some conjecturing now:
Airframers lists “Thales North America” as the supplier of Spectra. This suggests that the system, or parts of it are manufactured in the US. Perhaps this is because the US is (or was at the time) considered a leader in the MMIC technology. Having an MMIC fab in the US would make sense to Thales as it would allow them to draw upon the pool of American RF engineers with experience in MMIC manufacturing. Or perhaps MMIC technology was considered sensitive enough that US export controls did not allow them to be manufactured outside the US and their were no volume suppliers of MMIC’s in Europe yet. We know that Spectra does make heavy use of MMIC technology. So it seems reasonable that Thales fabricates many Spectra parts in the USA, especially if that’s where they fabricated their MMIC’s (though this could change in the future given the current state of European MMIC technology).
You know, come to think of it- if Spectra is designed or manufactured in the US, then that may explain why they are looking at doing active cancellation as a separate subsystem in their F4+ stealth demonstrator. The active cancellation technology was researched in France by MBDA, but I thought it was Thales doing the work on the demonstrator. :confused:
None of those are facts outside of your deluded mind.
Well, airframer.com does list Thales North America as the supplier of spectra.
http://www.airframer.com/aircraft_detail.html?model=Dassault_Rafale
You know- I’m not really sure how that works under US export controls. I’m open to data to suggest otherwise, or at least to suggest that there is more to the story than this. France is very protective of Spectra and many of its capabilities are considered secret. So I’m really confused at this point as to how that works if the system is indeed designed or manufactured in the US… Maybe a Rafale expert can comment?
As for the swedish AESA backend integration, I believe he is referring to the the use of Thales TRM’s on the prototype Gripen AESA radar, which he perhaps misinterpreted as the Rafale radar?
Erkokite
no need to apologise, it takes the fun out of the banter and i take nothing personal
its ok, i made a mistake on how many planes will be made
Good point. No reason to get all up in arms over an aircraft that I neither designed nor fly. This is a site for aviation enthusiasts, but they’re just aircraft- It is a hobby not a religion. 😀
you have a short memory, i gave you the link to thales usa and spectra
It seems I was wrong about Spectra. I apologize. However, the RBE-2 AESA is indeed French.
It certainly wouldn’t make sense to.
This could be, but I don’t see why it wouldn’t have it in the very near future if this were the case. I guess we’ll have to wait and see.
Someone doesn’t have their facts right. RBE2 PESA already has interlacing between air and ground modes.
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3126/is_677_59/ai_n29139901/
Since we were on the topic of the RBE2 and AESA radars in general, I wanted to post something I found though it is not directly related to this thread. I didn’t want to create a new thread just for this one post though. If a mod thinks it is more appropriate elsewhere, please move it.
Anyways, we were making comparisons between American and European AESA technology. The very newest American T/R modules are “tile” type surface mounted single MMIC devices. This contrasts with foreign “brick” type T/R’s, which were used on older American AESA’s. As of November 2009, European tile type T/R’s have been developed, fabricated, and tested. Perhaps these will feature on future European AESA radars on the Eurocanards?
Are you sure about that? I thought the AESA demonstrator they flew in 2003, on a Mystere testbed, used Raytheon T/R modules. The CAESAR demonstrator flew in February 2006, & that had European (I think from UMS) T/R modules, & I see no reason why Thales should not have had access to them at the same time.
I tracked these events by the press reports at the time.
Ah. You are correct. Thanks.
you’re not really going to say that the rbe2 is multi beam, are you ?
From Janes Avionics 2005:
?It was reported that the original RBE2 AESA demonstrator was built using US-made Transmit/Receive (T/R) modules, whereas the new contract is intended to demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of equipping Rafale with an AESA based on European technology. It also covers risk assessment associated with radar integration and in-flight operational testing. The new AESA variant of the RBE2 is intended to enter service with the French Air Force in 2012 as part of the next-generation F4 configuration?
Well, that was informative! So the short version is this. France has figured out that they need an AESA to be competitive. They are capable so long as the US is willing to give them the pieces, but they haven?t yet been able to do it on their own. The demonstrator they were flying and claiming was evidence of their technical mastery of AESA technology was only possible because they borrowed that technical mastery from the US. I find that amusing anyways? So France plans to have an AESA DEMONSTRATOR around 2008 and if all goes well (which it always does) they HOPE to have it operational in actual planes in 2012) Of course by ?operational? I don?t mean in the US sense of the word.
The French aren?t even shooting for that level of capability. The incomparable electronic warfare functions of the AESA aren?t even going to be developed by the French at the present time. Some of the really cool multi beam and frequency hopping modes aren?t going to be there either. They are playing catch-up all the way here.
The AESA demonstrator flown in 2006 used US T/R modules from Raytheon. However, the AESA radars currently in serial production from Thales for the Rafale use T/R’s from Thales with UMS MMIC chips. The first production radar (meaning ready to be put on an operational aircraft for real-life use) rolled off the assembly line this month.
The bottom line is that the RBE-2 AESA is in production and ready for use, but the AdA will not put it into operation until 2012. These are not prototypes of any sort AFAIK. These are the actual finished product with a French backend and European T/R modules (UMS is a joint venture between Thales and EADS).
As for what specific modes are and are not available, I think the internal technical info is only available to Thales and the various governments who are purchasing the Rafale. We really don’t know without access to internal documents. Frequency hopping is standard in modern radars, however, and I doubt that the RBE2 is any different. I don’t think beamforming with more than 1 beam is particularly difficult either and I wouldn’t be surprised in the slightest to see such modes on the RBE-2.
The source you cited in the post above is five years old. Also, did you really cite a thread of “30 odd pages of slapping french fanboys” on strategypage as a source for anything? Isn’t Strategy Page considered garbage by any serious aviation enthusiast? I mean it’s site intended for strategy gamers and it shows. I mean, what are you getting at?
I believe that the RBE2 AESA is similar in performance to the APG-79 and APG-80.
It states here that the RBE2 range is in excess of 60 nm against a 30 sq. ft. (~3 m^2) target.
http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/categories/military/Serious-Squall_32315.html
The RBE2 AESA is stated to have a 50% advantage in detection range (you can find many sources for this, just google it).
So we have a roughly 90 nm detection range for a 3 m^2 target.
Going by this chart (yes, it’s Carlo Kopp, I know :rolleyes:)

We find that that this is comparable to both the APG-79 and APG-80. This is of course, just a rough comparison. We don’t have the exact specs of any of these radars. But I think that this at least gives us “ball-park” estimate of the performance.
Thales has also stated that the RBE2 AESA is “similar in maturity” to the APG-79, which to me suggests that the technology level is comparable between the two.
Anyways, I could be way off with this, and the RBE-2 AESA could be inferior to the APG-80, but either way I’m excited in the direction the Rafale is moving.
Gotta love marketing speak, eh?
F-15 has flown with TWC, so probbably not totaly impossible do give it a YF-23 style tail.
One cannot just slap a V-tail and TVC onto an aircraft and call it a day. There are significant aerostructural and controllability/stability factors that are taken into account when designing an aircraft. You’d have to see how such a configuration would perform throughout various mach numbers and weapon/tank configurations in terms of controllability, flutter, center of lift and mass, drag, etc… It would probably require far more work than is worthwhile.
Well, it sounds like they are down to the Rafale and EF. The EF might not be 100% compliant because of the lack of immediately available AESA.
The Rafale has this though. I am wondering how the Rafale is not entirely compliant. It doesn’t quite have the pants-soiling TWR of the EF and supercruise may be somewhat marginal, but I believe it is still ahead of the rest of the competition in many ways.
In any event, both the Rafale and Eurofighter should be available with AESA antennas in the time frame the IAF is looking to acquire the aircraft. Also, selection of the EF and Rafale as the only shortlisted aircraft does kinda support the rumor that the MMRCA program was having some cost hiccups. Fortunately the Euro has fallen a bit and this may allow revised bids that are cheaper. I suppose they are both hands down the most lethal aircraft in air to air combat performance out of the MMRCA contenders, and I think that India will get quite a good aircraft in either situation.
Anyone catch the Pirates of the Caribbean theme playing at around 2:06 in the video? 😀